创伤性脑出血（traumatic brain hemorrhage, TBH）患者常遗留认知与行为功能障碍，传统康复模式对自我效能及环境交互的干预不足。基于社会认知理论（social cognitive theory, SCT）的阶段性护理可整合认知重塑、行为强化与环境支持，但其在TBH中的应用效果尚未明确。为研究基于SCT的阶段性护理干预对TBH患者认知功能、自我管理、自我效能及生活能力的影响，将105例创伤性脑出血患者按随机数字法分为干预组53例和对照组52例。对照组接受常规康复治疗，干预组在此基础上实施基于SCT阶段性护理干预。比较两组患者在干预前后认知功能、自我管理能力、自我效能及日常生活能力的变化。使用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Montreal cognitive assessment-basic, MoCA-Basic）评估认知功能，自我管理行为量表（appraisal of self-care agency scale-revised, ASAS-R-C）评估自我管理能力，自我效能量表（general self-efficacy scale, GSES）、Barthel指数评分评估自我效能和日常生活能力。结果表明：通过基于SCT阶段性护理干预后，干预组患者在MoCA-Basic、ASAS-R-C、GSES、Barthel指数的评分上均显著高于对照组（P<0.05），各项指标均显示出显著改善。基于社会认知理论的阶段性护理干预能显著改善创伤性脑出血患者的认知功能、自我管理、自我效能及日常生活能力，具有较高的临床应用价值。

Traumatic brain hemorrhage (TBH) often results in persistent cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions, with traditional rehabilitation models failing to adequately address self-efficacy and environmental interactions. Stage-based nursing interventions grounded in social cognitive theory (SCT) synergize cognitive restructuring, behavioral reinforcement, and environmental support. However, their application in TBH remains understudied. Aiming to examine the impact of SCT-based stage nursing interventions on cognitive function, self-management, self-efficacy, and daily living ability in TBH patients, a total of 105 TBH patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group(n = 53) and a control group(n = 52) by using a random number method. The control group received conventional rehabilitation therapy, while the intervention group received stage-based nursing interventions based on SCT in addition to conventional therapy. Changes in cognitive function, self-management ability, self-efficacy, and activities of daily living were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. Cognitive function was assessed by using the Montreal cognitive assessment-basic(MoCA-Basic), self-management ability was evaluated by using the appraisal of self-care agency scale-revised(ASAS-R-C), self-efficacy was measured by using the general self-efficacy scale(GSES), and activities of daily living were assessed by using the Barthel index. The results reveal that after the SCT-based stage nursing intervention, the intervention group show significantly higher scores on MoCA-Basic, ASAS-R-C, GSES, and the Barthel index compared to the control group(P < 0.05), with substantial improvements observed across all indicators. Stage-based nursing interventions grounded in SCT can significantly enhance cognitive function, self-management, self-efficacy, and activities of daily living in TBH patients, demonstrating considerable clinical value.