光伏（photovoltaic, PV）发电多分布于沙尘频发地区，光伏组件积灰严重，会降低光电转换效率，影响系统运行，因此研究积灰规律及影响因素具有重要意义。通过数值模拟研究光伏板积灰规律及其影响因素，为光伏系统的优化运行提供理论依据。利用Fluent软件构建光伏板简化物理模型，设置对数风速分布公式模拟入口风速；采用用户自定义函数描述颗粒粒径分布，探究不同积灰浓度、风速和相对湿度对积灰特性的影响规律。结果表明：积灰浓度是影响积灰量的关键因素，积灰量随积灰浓度增加而线性上升；而风速与积灰量的关系呈先降后升的非线性趋势；湿度对积灰量有显著正向影响，且存在阈值效应。考虑积灰浓度、风速和湿度等因素对光伏板积灰的影响，有助于更准确地把握光伏板积灰规律，为光伏系统的设计、运行和维护提供参考。

Photovoltaic(PV) power generation is often located in areas with frequent sandstorms. PV modules suffer from severe dust accumulation. This reduces photoelectric conversion efficiency and affects system operation. Therefore, studying the law of ash accumulation and its influencing factors is of great significance. To study the rules and influencing factors of PV panel dust accumulation through numerical simulation, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the optimal operation of PV systems. A simplified physical model of the PV panel was constructed using Fluent software. The logarithmic wind speed distribution formula was applied to simulate the inlet velocity. A user-defined function was used to describe the particle size distribution. The effects of different dust concentrations, wind speeds and relative humidity on the dust accumulation characteristics were analyzed. The results show that dust concentration is a key factor affecting the accumulation amount. The dust accumulation increases linearly with the increase in dust concentration. The relationship between wind speed and dust accumulation follows a non-linear trend, first decreasing and then increasing. Humidity has a significant positive effect on dust accumulation, with a threshold effect. Considering the influence of factors such as dust concentration, wind speed, and humidity on PV panel dust accumulation helps to more accurately understand the dust accumulation rules of PV panels. It provides references for the design, operation, and maintenance of PV systems.