地热作为一种清洁且可持续的能源，对于优化中国能源结构及助力“双碳”目标的实现具有重要意义。干热岩的开采技术涉及高温储层的压裂改造。为此，以苏北地区的干热岩为案例，详细分析了温度、排量和地应力差等因素对干热岩水力压裂裂缝的形成与扩展的影响，并有针对性地构建了试验模型。结果表明，高温降低了干热白云岩力学强度和起裂压力；大排量泵注工艺能够有效起裂更多裂缝，并增强裂缝的延伸和均衡扩展能力，从而提高储层的改造效果和流体换热效率；在高应力差条件下，水力裂缝倾向于沿着垂直于最小水平主应力方向起裂和扩展；此外，温度、排量和大应力差均能增加压裂后裂缝网络的分形维数。最后，通过数值仿真验证了温度与排量物理模型试验结果，并证明脉冲泵注工艺能够有效增加储层改造面积，脉冲幅值与储层改造增益效果呈正相关趋势。研究结果为未来干热岩压裂施工的设计提供有益的参考依据。

Geothermal energy, as a clean and sustainable source, holds significant importance in optimizing China's energy structure and facilitating the achievement of its "dual carbon" goals. The extraction technology of dry hot rocks involves fracturing and transforming high-temperature reservoirs. Hence, dry hot rocks in northern Jiangsu were selected as the research object, and the influences of factors such as temperature, displacement, and geostress difference on the formation and propagation of hydraulic fractures in dry hot rocks were analyzed in detail. Additionally, a targeted experimental model was constructed. The findings reveal that high temperatures diminish the mechanical strength and initiation pressure of dry hot dolomite. The high-displacement pump injection technique proves effective in initiating more cracks and enhancing their extension and balanced expansion, thereby enhancing reservoir transformation and fluid heat transfer efficiency. Under conditions of high stress difference, hydraulic fractures tend to initiate and propagate perpendicular to the minimum horizontal principal stress. Furthermore, temperature, displacement, and significant stress differences all contribute to increasing the fractal dimension of the fracture network post-fracturing. Ultimately, numerical simulations were conducted to validate the experimental results related to temperature and displacement, and it was confirmed that pulse pumping technology could significantly expand the transformed area of the reservoir. Notably, pulse amplitude positively correlates with the enhancement effect of reservoir transformation. These findings are anticipated to offer valuable insights for future designs in hot dry rock fracturing operations.