页岩润湿性作为表征多孔介质空间内固体基质-烃类-非烃类流体多相耦合作用的关键参数，其准确评价对认识页岩油气赋存机理、提升开发效率具有重要科学意义。调研了全球典型页岩层系润湿性特征，从有机地球化学、矿物组成、微观结构与测试条件四方面剖析了影响页岩差异润湿性特征的主要因素。结果表明：页岩具有亲油-亲水复合润湿特性，其评价挑战源于有机质-矿物组分的空间异质性和孔隙结构多尺度非均质性；现行实验方法受制于样品非均质性与储层条件还原度不足，需发展融合界面物理化学、微观成像与原位表征的多尺度综合评价技术。润湿性演变受控于有机质热演化路径、成岩矿物改造及流体-基质界面作用，目前温度-压力-流体等多物理场条件下的页岩润湿叠加效应仍缺乏系统认知，有机质热演化过程中页岩储层润湿性反转机理及其富烃效应研究应得到关注。不同类型页岩油气储层与不同演化阶段的润湿性评价需建立差异化指标以及针对性的评价规范和标准。研究认识有助于更好地评价页岩非均质润湿性，同时对于深化认识页岩油气赋存、富集和开采机理具有参考价值。

Shale wettability, as a critical parameter characterizing the multiphase coupling interactions among solid matrices, hydrocarbons, and non-hydrocarbon fluids within porous media, plays a pivotal role in elucidating hydrocarbon occurrence mechanisms and optimizing recovery efficiency. The wettability characteristics of globally representative shale formations were investigated, a four-aspects analysis encompassing organic geochemistry, mineral composition, microstructure, and experimental conditions was conducted to unravel the dominant factors governing heterogeneous wettability. The findings show that shales exhibit mixed oil-wet/water-wet behavior, with evaluation challenges stemming from spatial heterogeneity in organic-mineral assemblages and multi-scale pore structure heterogeneity. Current experimental methodologies, constrained by sample heterogeneity and inadequate replication of reservoir conditions, necessitate the development of multi-scale integrated evaluation techniques combining interfacial physicochemical analysis, microscopic imaging, and in-situ characterization. Wettability evolution is governed by organic matter thermal maturation pathways, diagenetic mineral alteration, and fluid-matrix interfacial interactions. However, systematic understanding of wettability superposition effects under multi-physical field conditions (temperature-pressure-fluid) remains deficient, warranting focused research on wettability reversal mechanisms and hydrocarbon enrichment effects during organic matter thermal evolution. Differentiated criteria and standardized evaluation protocols are imperative for assessing wettability in diverse shale hydrocarbon reservoirs and evolutionary stages. These insights advance the evaluation of heterogeneous wettability while providing theoretical references for deciphering hydrocarbon occurrence, enrichment, and extraction mechanisms in shale systems.