中国是世界上新构造运动最为强烈的国家之一，活动断裂带广泛分布。震害资料表明，穿越断层破碎带的隧道遭受的震害尤为严重。为此，以穿越断层破碎带的汕汕铁路汕头湾山岭隧道为工程背景，基于正交试验思路，进行数值试验，来研究注浆加固围岩厚度、抗震缝宽度以及沥青水泥减震层厚度三因素不同水平组合下，隧道结构应力和位移的变化情况，利用极差分析对比不同组合下，对衬砌的最大、最小主应力及峰值位移的减少程度，并结合敏感性分析，来得到最佳抗震组合，研究表明：处于地层交界处的隧道动力响应比处于断层破碎带中的隧道动力响应更为剧烈；注浆加固围岩、设置减震层及设置抗震缝3种措施均能有效的发挥抗减震效果，三因素的重要程度排序为：抗震缝宽度>减震层厚度>注浆加固围岩厚度，针对本文的背景工程而言，围岩加固范围为6 m、沥青水泥减震层厚度为0.2 m和抗震缝宽度为0.2 m为该隧道穿越断层破碎带的最佳抗震设计组合。

China is one of the countries with the most intense neotectonic movements in the world, with a wide distribution of active fault zones. Seismic damage data show that tunnels crossing fault fracture zones suffer particularly severe seismic damage. In this study, a tunnel crossing a fault fracture zone is taken as the engineering background. Based on the orthogonal experimental approach, numerical tests were conducted to investigate the variation of tunnel structural stress and displacement under different combinations of three factors: grouting reinforcement thickness of the surrounding rock, seismic joint width, and asphalt-cement damping layer thickness. Range analysis was used to compare the reduction in the maximum and minimum principal stresses and peak displacements of the lining under different combinations. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine the optimal seismic design combination. The results show that the dynamic response of a tunnel at a stratigraphic interface is more intense than that of a tunnel in a fault fracture zone. The three measures-grouting reinforcement of the surrounding rock, installation of a damping layer, and seismic joints-are all effective in reducing seismic vibrations. The importance ranking of the three factors is as follows: seismic joint width > damping layer thickness > grouting reinforcement of the surrounding rock thickness. For the background engineering of this study, the optimal seismic design combination for the tunnel crossing the fault fracture zone is a surrounding rock reinforcement range of 6 m, an asphalt-cement damping layer thickness of 0.2 m, and a seismic joint width of 0.2 m.