为了从粉煤灰浸出液中有效地萃取分离稀土元素Y，结合模拟萃取体系对其进行探讨。以纯La-Y氯化物混合模拟液作为试验对象，使用2-乙基己基磷酸单2-乙基己基酯（P507）作为萃取剂，研究稀土元素模拟液中Y的萃取过程及其最优条件。试验结果表明：杂质离子Al³⁺和Fe³⁺与Y³⁺存在竞争效应，会降低Y的萃取率。从模拟液中萃取Y的最优萃取条件为：常温，萃取剂体积分数3%、相比V_O∶V_A=1∶1、模拟液pH=1.6、萃取时间25 min、振荡速率150 r/min，在此条件下，Y的萃取率为97.25%；通过研究萃取机理，发现萃合物组成为YCl₂ H₃A₄；萃取动力研究表明，萃取速率与Y³⁺、P507和HCl浓度的非线性关系符合速率方程。根据以上模拟试验数据，以粉煤灰浓缩浸出液替代模拟液进行萃取试验，结果表明：除去杂质离子Fe³⁺后，最优条件下稀土元素Y萃取率82.89%，比除杂前提升60%以上，稀土元素整体萃取率为67.73%，较除杂前提升40%以上。此外，除杂可有效增加Y与其他稀土元素的分离系数，有利于粉煤灰浸出液中Y的分离提取。

The extraction and separation of rare earth element Y from coal fly ash leachate were systematically investigated using a simulated extraction system. A mixed chloride solution of pure La-Y was employed as the experimental object, with 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (P507) serving as the extractant. The extraction process of Y in the simulated rare earth solution and its optimal conditions were studied. Experimental results reveal that impurity ions Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ exhibit competitive effects with Y³⁺, significantly reducing Y extraction efficiency. The optimal extraction conditions for Y from the simulated solution were determined as follows: room temperature, extraction agent volume fraction 3%, oil to water ratio (V_O∶ V_A) = 1∶ 1, solution pH of 1.6, extraction time of 25 minutes, and oscillation rate of 150 r/min. Under these conditions, the extraction rate of Y reaches 97.25%. Mechanistic studies identified the extracted complex composition as YCl₂H₃A₄ Kinetic analysis demonstrates that the extraction rate followed a nonlinear relationship with Y³⁺, P507, and HCl concentrations, consistent with the derived rate equation. Subsequent experiments were conducted using concentrated coal fly ash leachate instead of the simulated solution. Results show that after removing Fe³⁺ impurities, the extraction rate of Y under optimized conditions increases by over 60% to 82.89%. The overall rare earth extraction efficiency improves by more than 40%, reaching 67.73%. Furthermore, impurity removal effectively enhances the separation coefficients between Y and other rare earth elements, facilitating selective Y extraction from the leachate.