作为TBM破岩的核心部件，盘形滚刀在复杂工况下易出现磨损速率增加和异常磨损现象，导致滚刀破岩效率降低，严重情况下造成刀盘损坏迫使设备停机以进行刀具更换，延长施工周期。影响滚刀破岩效果的因素多且复杂，包括掘进参数、滚刀特性和岩体性质等，采用数值模拟方法可以迅捷准确地模拟滚刀破岩运动过程并输出相关结果，在破岩过程模拟和监测掘进面具有显著优势。系统分析现有隧道掘进机（tunnel boring machine, TBM）滚刀在破岩过程模拟中有限元法、离散元法和耦合法的优劣及应用场景，探讨数值模拟在滚刀破岩中的应用现状和发展方向。耦合法能精确捕捉不同物理场之间的动态交互，为复杂系统的深入分析与预测提供更为全面的数据支持，提升滚刀的破岩效率和使用寿命。未来研究可围绕耦合法对破岩过程进行数值模拟，实现多平台结合下的精确模拟分析，以满足工程实际需求。

As the core component of TBM rock breaking, the disc cutter is prone to an increase in wear rate and abnormal wear phenomena under complex working conditions. The rock-breaking efficiency of the disc cutter is caused by being reduced. In severe cases, the cutterhead is damaged, and the equipment is forced to stop for tool replacement, and the construction period is extended. The rock-breaking effect of the hob is affected by numerous and complex factors, including tunneling parameters, hob characteristics, and rock mass properties. The rock-breaking movement process of the hob can be swiftly and accurately simulated by using the numerical simulation method, and relevant results can be output. This method is shown to have significant advantages in simulating the rock-breaking process and monitoring the tunneling face. The advantages, disadvantages and application scenarios of the finite element method, discrete element method and coupling method in the simulation of the rock-breaking process of existing tunnel boring machine(TBM) hobs were systematically analyzed. The current application status and development direction of numerical simulation in hob rock-breaking were also discussed. The dynamic interaction between different physical fields can be precisely captured by the coupling method. More comprehensive data support can be provided for the in-depth analysis and prediction of complex systems. The rock-breaking efficiency and service life of the hob can be improved. In the future, numerical simulations of the rock-breaking process can be carried out around the coupling method in research. Accurate simulation and analysis under the combination of multiple platforms can be achieved to meet the actual engineering needs.