为了辅助识别枕簧拆装夹具的磁吸状态，提高夹具在枕簧自动拆装作业中的可靠性，对电磁式枕簧拆装夹具瞬态电流的响应特性进行研究。基于电磁学基本理论，主要分析电磁铁气隙和磁路变化对磁路磁阻、电感、磁通量和电磁力的影响；通过MATLAB重点分析磁路电感在通电过程中对瞬态电流动态响应的影响及其变化规律，电磁铁在空载时的电感最小（可视为电磁铁电感），其瞬态电流响应最快，随着电感逐渐增大（对应电磁铁满载状态），线圈瞬态电流的响应特性逐渐变慢；在不同磁吸状态下，对电磁铁瞬态电流的响应特性进行试验研究。结果表明：当磁吸承载簧时，线圈瞬态电流的稳态时间由空载时的0.75 s变为满载时的1.5 s，而当磁吸减振簧时，线圈瞬态电流的稳态时间由空载时的0.85 s变为满载时的1.6 s。最后，通过理论分析提出在既有回路中增加电阻和电容，可以有效提高电磁铁瞬态响应特性。

In order to assist in identifying the magnetic attraction status of the bolster spring disassembly fixture and improve the reliability of the fixture in automatic disassembly operations, a research was conducted on the transient current response characteristics of the electromagnetic bolster spring disassembly fixture. Based on fundamental electromagnetic theory, the influence of air gap and magnetic circuit changes on the magnetic circuit reluctance, inductance, magnetic flux and electromagnetic force was mainly analyzed. By using MATLAB, the influence of magnetic circuit inductance on the dynamic response of transient current and its variation law were detailed analyzed during power-on processes. It is found that the inductance of the electromagnet is minimal (can be regarded as the inductance) when it is in no-load state, resulting in the fastest transient current response. As the inductance gradually increases (corresponding to the full-load state of the electromagnet), the response characteristics of the coil transient current gradually slow down. The response characteristics of the electromagnet's transient current are tested under different magnetic attraction conditions. The experiments reveal that when attracting the load-bearing spring, the steady-state time of the coil's transient current changes from 0.75 s under no-load conditions to 1.5 s under full-load conditions. When attracting the anti-vibration spring, the steady-state time of the coil's transient current changes from 0.85s under no-load conditions to 1.6 s under full-load conditions. Finally, theoretical analysis suggests that adding a resistor and a capacitor to the existing circuit can effectively improve the transient response characteristics of the electromagnet.