由于钻井作业扰动和上覆岩层的重力作用，煤矿采空区覆岩会产生移动，影响油气钻完井作业及套管安全。以焦家沟采空区为例，采用差异化网格划分策略，建立采空区三维有限差分分析实体模型，依据Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则，通过FLAC^3D数值仿真，分析了房柱式、条带式和垮落式采空区覆岩位移和应力变化的规律，对比了房柱式采空区数值模拟结果与实测数据差异。结果表明：随开采距离增大，垮落式竖向最大位移分别是房柱式和条带式的9.40倍和7.24倍，破坏风险和破坏程度更大，油气钻井井位应避免垮落式采空区；随开采距离增大，垮落式竖向最大压应力比房柱式和条带式分别大25.20%和24.57%，更容易发生垮塌；随开采距离增大，垮落式最大位移约为房柱式和条带式的8倍和7倍，而竖向和水平地表最大位移变化趋势基本一致；基于现场实测数据验证，模型相对误差约5%。研究结果为煤矿采空区覆岩位移和应力预测提供了新方法，研究结果可供煤矿采空区钻完井设计尤其是套管设计和安全性分析参考。

The movement of overburden rock in coal mine goafs, caused by oil and gas drilling disturbances and the gravity of overlying rock strata, affects drilling and completion operations as well as casing safety. The Jiaojiagou goaf was taken as an example, a differential meshing strategy was adopted and three-dimensional finite difference analysis model of the goaf was established to simulate the actual conditions. Based on the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, numerical simulations were conducted using FLAC^3D to analyze the displacement and stress variation patterns of overburden rock under room-and-pillar, strip, and caving mining goafs, comparing the differences between the numerical simulation results and the measured data for the room-and-pillar goaf. The results show that as the mining distance increases, the maximum vertical displacement in the caving type is 9.40 and 7.24 times that of the room-and-pillar type and strip mining type, respectively, demonstrating bigger damage severity. The caving mining goafs should be avoided in oil and gas drilling location. The maximum vertical compressive stress in the caving type is 25.20% and 24.57% higher than that in the room-and-pillar type and the strip mining type, respectively, making it more susceptible to collapse. As the mining distance increases, the maximum displacement under the caving type is about 8 and 7 times greater than those of the room-and-pillar and strip types, while the trends of maximum vertical and horizontal surface displacements are basically consistent. Compared with field-measured data, the model's relative error is approximately 5%. A new method is provided by this study for predicting overburden displacement and stress in coal mine goafs. The findings can be used as a reference for drilling and completion design in coal mine goafs, especially for the casing program design and safety analysis.