在飞机无杆牵引车进行地面牵引作业时，前起落架产生的振动会对飞机结构寿命、乘客舒适度及安全性造成显著影响。针对四轮驱动无杆牵引车牵引下的飞机前起落架振动问题，提出了多因素耦合作用的分析方法。基于SolidWorks构建飞机-牵引车系统三维模型，通过Adams完成动力学仿真，结合拉格朗日法建立了8自由度振动微分方程，并依据中国机场实际路面工况，创建了凹坑、凸起和斜坡错台三类路面模型。采用控制变量法系统探究了飞机载重、牵引速度及路面工况对前起落架振动的综合影响。研究结果表明：空载时前起落架垂向振动加速度和位移幅值分别达到8.76 m/s²和1.42 mm，较满载（加速度4.68 m/s²，位移0.78 mm）提升86.4%和82.1%；凸起路面对振动的影响最大（加速度31.93 m/s²，位移34.69 mm），其强度显著高于凹坑和斜坡错台路面；当牵引速度从1 100 mm/s增至1 500 mm/s时，垂向加速度与位移幅值分别增长86.4%和29.4%。该研究为中国飞机前起落架结构优化设计、机场牵引作业规程制定及路面维护标准完善提供了理论依据，填补了多因素耦合振动分析领域的空白。

Vibrations generated by the nose landing gear during ground towing operations using a four-wheel-drive towbarless tug have significant impacts on structural lifespan, passenger comfort, and safety. This study proposes a multi-factor coupling analysis method for the first time to address the vibration problem of the nose landing gear under such conditions. A three-dimensional model of the aircraft-towbarless tug system was constructed using SolidWorks, and dynamic simulations were performed in Adams. An 8-degree-of-freedom vibration differential equation was established based on the Lagrangian method. Three types of pavement models (potholes, bumps, and sloped platforms) were developed according to actual airport pavement conditions in China. The controlled variable approach was employed to systematically investigate the combined effects of aircraft load, towing speed, and pavement conditions on nose landing gear vibrations. The results indicate that the vertical vibration acceleration and displacement amplitudes of the nose landing gear under no-load conditions reach 8.76 m/s² and 1.42 mm, representing increases of 86.4% and 82.1% compared to full-load conditions (acceleration: 4.68 m/s², displacement: 0.78 mm). Bump pavement exhibits the most severe vibration impact (acceleration: 31.93 m/s², displacement: 34.69 mm), significantly exceeding the effects of potholes and sloped platforms. When the towing speed increases from 1 100 mm/s to 1 500 mm/s, vertical acceleration and displacement rise by 86.4% and 29.4%, respectively. This study provides theoretical references for the optimized design of aircraft nose landing gear structures, the formulation of airport towing operation protocols, and the improvement of pavement maintenance standards in China. It also fills a research gap in multi-factor coupled vibration analysis.