在钢轨砂带打磨技术中，关于砂带跑偏问题的研究主要集中于现场处理措施，往往忽视力学本质和动力学运动等影响因素。从力学角度分析了砂带跑偏现象的本质，揭示由于砂带内部张力分布不均所导致的跑偏机理，并确定带速、张紧力和砂带宽度是影响砂带跑偏的关键因素。建立钢轨砂带打磨系统的刚柔耦合非线性虚拟样机模型，通过仿真实验探究钢轨砂带打磨转速和打磨位置对砂带侧向位移、速度和加速度的影响。钢轨砂带打磨实验，结果与仿真分析结论一致，验证了仿真结果的准确性。研究结果表明，钢轨砂带打磨位置是影响砂带跑偏的最关键因素，其次是打磨转速。根据研究结果，给出优化工艺参数，建议将砂带打磨转速限制在3 000 r/min以下，并采用在砂带中心位置进行打磨的方法，以有效预防和减轻砂带跑偏现象。

In the field of orbital belt sanding technology, in order to solve the problem of belt deflection research has mainly focused on on-site treatment measures, often ignoring the mechanical nature and dynamics of the movement, as well as other influencing factors. The nature of the belt deflection phenomenon was analyzed from a mechanical properties. The deflection mechanism, attributed to the uneven distribution of tension within the belt, was revealed. It was determined that belt speed, tension, and width are the key factors affecting the deflection of abrasive belts. A rigid-flexible coupled nonlinear virtual prototype model of the rail belt sanding system was constructed in order to investigate the effects of rail belt sanding rotational speed and sanding position on the belt's lateral displacement, speed, and acceleration through simulation experiments. The outcomes of the rail belt sanding experiment aligned with the findings of the simulation analysis, thereby substantiating the precision of the simulation results. The findings indicate that the grinding position of the rail belt represents the most significant factor influencing the occurrence of belt deflection, followed by grinding speed as the next most influential parameter. Based on the study results, optimised process parameters were proposed, and it was recommended to limit the belt sanding speed to less than 3 000 r/min and to adopt the method of sanding at the centre of the belt in order to effectively prevent and mitigate the phenomenon of belt deflection.