In order to evaluate the efficacy and safety of serine-threonine kinase(AKT) inhibitors (Capivasertib and Ipatasertib) in patients with HR+/HER2-breast cancer or metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC),a comprehensive search of randomized clinical trials related to AKT inhibitors was conducted through PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library. Five studies involving a total of 1304 patients were included. Outcomes such as progression-free survival (PFS),adverse events (AEs),overall survival (OS),duration of response (DOR),objective response rate (ORR),and clinical benefit rate (CBR) were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4.1. The results demonstrate that patients treated with AKT inhibitors show a significant improvement in PFS compared to those not receiving AKT inhibitors (MD=2.39;95%CI:[1.06,3.73];P=0.000 5;I2=55%). However,the incidence of certain severe AEs increases in patients treated with AKT inhibitors,such as infections (OR=1.72;95%CI:[1.09,2.72];P=0.02;I2=0) and hyperglycemia (OR=3.07;95% CI:[1.36,6.93];P=0.007;I2=63%). These findings indicate that AKT inhibitors significantly prolong survival in patients with metastatic TNBC and HR+/HER2-breast cancer. Nevertheless,the occurrence of AEs (e.g.,infections,hyperglycemia) during AKT inhibitor treatment suggests that clinicians should use these agents cautiously and judiciously based on individual patient conditions.
ZHONG Wu-zhi, YAN Tao, LI Le-hui, ZHANG Xing-guang, LI Ya-jing, ZHANG Ru, LI Di-jia, MA Li-jie, YAN Jin-li, ZHANG Chun-fa, WANG Ya, CAO Xiao-dong, LI Ting-yang, ZHANG Nan, ZHANG Zi-ying.
Efficacy and Safety of AKT Inhibitors in HR+/HER2-Breast Cancer or Metastatic TNBC:Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(4): 1390-1402 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2409039
2022年,世界卫生组织下属国际癌症研究机构(International Agency for Research on Cancer,IARC)发布了癌症类型患病率的变化,乳腺癌仍然是女性最常见的癌症类型(发病率与死亡率)[1]。根据雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER),孕激素受体(progenstogen receptor,PR)和人表皮生长因子受体2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2)的状态,乳腺癌分为3种不同类型:激素受体(HR)+/HER2-,HER2+/HR-或HR+和HR-/HER2-[2-3]。对于HR+乳腺癌,内分泌治疗是一种常见且有效的辅助治疗方法[4]。然而,由于乳腺癌的异质性,治疗模式已经转向分子靶向治疗[5]。相反,三阴性乳腺癌(triple negative breast cancer,TNBC)作为最具侵袭性的乳腺癌类型[6],由于其特殊的分子模式,内分泌治疗或HER2靶向治疗对其无效,医生通常采用手术和化疗对其进行治疗[7-8]。尽管如此,治疗过程中的化疗耐药往往也导致频繁转移[9-10],不能有效改善患者的生存期[11]。因此,迫切需要一种更安全和更有效的新治疗策略,特别是对于HR+/HER2-乳腺癌或转移性TNBC。研究表明,乳腺癌的转移和进展与信号通路的激活密切相关[12-13]。其中,磷酸肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)/丝氨酸-苏氨酸激酶(AKT)途径是乳腺癌中最常见的突变途径[14]。约50%的HR+乳腺癌和25%的TNBC在进展期间表现出AKT途径的激活[15]。此外,AKT抑制剂已被确定为通过调节HER2状态来影响乳腺癌的进展,从而在癌症治疗的有效性和安全性方面发挥关键作用[14,16]。因此,AKT抑制剂的研究对于推进乳腺癌的治疗是必不可少的。
作为PI3K/AKT信号通路的中心节点,AKT的激活与肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移密切相关[17-18]。此外,它还与肿瘤细胞治疗中的化疗耐药性有关[19-21]。在PI3K/AKT信号通路发生突变的乳腺癌中,约40%是HR+亚型,接受治疗的患者通常会对内分泌治疗产生耐药性[22-24]。同时,AKT抑制剂通过影响程序性死亡配体1 (programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)在TNBC的表达来延缓肿瘤进展,引起了更多的关注[19,25-26]。作为一种新兴的抗乳腺癌药物,AKT抑制剂通过不断的研究和开发,在治疗转移性TNBC和HR+/HER2-乳腺癌方面显示出了前景[27-30]。
通过PubMed、Embase和Cochrane Library数据库对相关RCT进行全面搜索,时间跨度从数据库建库到2024年9月。为了避免相关文献的任何遗漏,ClinicalTrials.gov、美国临床肿瘤学会(American Society of Clinical Oncology,ASCO)、欧洲医学肿瘤学会(European Society of Medical Oncology,ESMO)和圣安东尼奥乳腺癌研讨会(San Antonio Breast Cancer Seminar,SABCS)的摘要被手动搜索,并使用类似的检索词进行补充以完善分析。检索词为“乳腺癌”和“AKT抑制剂”(Ipatasertib或Capivasertib)。该荟萃分析根据系统综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目指南(PRISMA) 2020清单进行[36]。
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