由于在小断块油藏中难以建立有效井网进行驱油，蓄能吞吐是提高其采出程度的有效方式，但目前尚缺乏针对低渗透小断块油藏蓄能吞吐介质优选和微观动用特征的研究。通过在线核磁共振技术系统研究了6种注入介质（地层水、表面活性剂体系AH0603、CO₂、N₂、表面活性剂辅助CO₂以及表面活性剂辅助N₂）的吞吐效果和机理，优选适合目标油藏的蓄能吞吐介质。结果表明：表面活性剂体系AH0603吞吐采出程度为39.54%，比地层水高出20.9%。AH0603辅助CO₂吞吐采出程度最高，为42.13%，较AH0603辅助N₂吞吐高出2.34%，较CO₂及N₂吞吐分别高出6.13%和9.01%。可见AH0603辅助CO₂吞吐能改善0.2~2 μm孔隙内原油的动用效果，显著提高孔隙动用下限，现场有效动用距离为2.99 m。该研究揭示了低渗透小断块油藏多相流体流动微观渗流规律，为复杂油藏蓄能吞吐开发技术提供依据，为CO₂驱油协同封存机制提供技术支撑。

Energy storage huff-n-puff is an effective way to improve the low recovery rate of small fault-block oil reservoirs, in which the effective well-pattern is hard to establish. At present, there is a lack of research on media optimization and mechanisms of energy storage huff-n-puff in low-permeability small fault-block reservoir. Based on online nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology, the effect of 6 different injection medium on huff-n-puff in low-permeability reservoir were systematically compared, including formation water, surfactant AH0603, CO₂, N₂, and surfactant assisted gas. More importantly, the microscopic oil utilization degree of different media was characterized. The results show that the uptake and extraction degree of the surfactant system AH0603 is 39.54%, which is 20.9% higher than that of the formation water. The AH0603-assisted CO₂ uptake and recovery rate is the highest, reaching 42.13%, which is 2.34% higher than the AH0603-assisted N₂ uptake, and 6.13% and 9.01% higher than the CO₂ and N₂ uptake respectively. It can be seen that AH0603 auxiliary CO₂ uptake and release can improve the utilization effect of crude oil in pores ranges from 0.2 μm to 2 μm, significantly increase the lower limit of pore utilization, and the on-site effective utilization distance is 2.99 m. This study reveals the microscopic seepage laws of multiphase fluid flow in low-permeability and small-block oil reservoirs, providing a basis for the energy storage and uptake development technology of complex oil reservoirs and technical support for the CO₂ flooding and co-storage mechanism.