地铁车站的渗漏水防控和治理，一直是地铁领域的重点研究问题，可以决定建筑物的使用寿命和功能。结合地铁车站防水系统表征方法，针对渗漏病害特点和渗漏机制，提出了分别适用于施工期和运营期的渗漏防控措施。依托西安地铁8号线芙蓉东路站为背景，利用有限元软件Midas Fea NX和Midas GTX进行数值模拟，验证了施工期和运营期渗漏防治的有效性。研究发现，在施工期间通过调整浇筑间隔时间，可以降低水泥水化热产生的温度应力，当时间间隔在120 h以上，混凝土开裂风险较小，裂隙率低于3%。在运营期提出一种渗漏治理措施，建立一种预埋注浆管和布置方式，便于运营期出现漏水时快速进行注浆堵漏，实现车站渗漏发生初期的快速高效治理能力，并利用实际工程和数值模型验证其合理性。研究结果对保障地铁车站的结构安全和延长使用寿命具有重要参考意义。

The control and management of water leakage at subway stations have long been key research issues in the subway field, determining the service life and functionality of subway systems. Based on the characterization methods of subway station waterproofing systems and the leakage mechanism, leakage control measures were proposed that are suitable for both the construction and operational phases. Furong East Road Station on Metro Line 8 in Xi' an was selected as a case study, and numerical simulations were conducted using finite element software Midas Fea NX and Midas GTX to verify the effectiveness of leakage prevention and control during the construction and operational phases. The research findings show that, during construction, adjusting the pouring interval can reduce thermal stress generated by cement hydration. When the interval exceeds 120 hours, the risk of concrete cracking is relatively low, with a crack rate remaining below 3%. A leakage treatment measure is proposed for the operational phase, which involves the installation of pre-embedded grouting pipes and a specific layout method. This facilitates quick grouting and leakage sealing when leakage occurs during operation. This method enables fast and efficient treatment during the early stages of leakage and is validated through both practical engineering and numerical modeling. The result provides important references for ensuring the structural safety and service life of subway systems.