为探究粉土质边坡在降雨条件下的变形破坏机理和劣化特征，以粉土质边坡为研究对象，通过设计大型边坡模型试验装置并结合多传感器内部监测和三维激光扫描技术，获取了30 mm/h降雨强度条件下边坡失稳过程中不同位置处的含水率、孔隙水压力、土压力及变形破坏特征。试验结果表明：坡脚处的传感器响应最快，变化速率最大。雨水在坡脚汇集后，水平方向发生渗流，导致坡脚和坡中底部含水率短时间内升高，土体抗剪强度降低。因此，降雨强度条件下粉土质边坡变形破坏从坡脚开始，首先发生小范围坍塌，逐渐形成贯穿式横向裂缝，过程中伴随着向坡体上方的小规模破坏，最终发生整体破坏。研究结果可为粉土质边坡地区的工程建设和防护提供一定的理论依据。

In order to explore the deformation and failure mechanisms, as well as degradation characteristics of silt slopes under rainfall conditions, a large-scale slope model test apparatus was designed with silt slopes as the research subject. Multi-sensor internal monitoring and 3D laser scanning technology were applied. During slope instability under a rainfall intensity of 30 mm/h, data on moisture content, pore water pressure, soil pressure, and deformation and failure characteristics at various slope locations were collected. Results indicate that sensors at the slope toe have the fastest response, showing the highest rate of change. Rainwater accumulates at the slope toe, causing horizontal seepage, which leads to rapid increases in moisture content at the toe and lower middle sections of the slope, along with a reduction in soil shear strength. Under rainfall intensity conditions, the deformation and failure of silty slopes initiate at the slope toe, where small-scale collapses first occur. These progressively develop into transverse through-cracks, accompanied by minor-scale failures that extend upslope. Ultimately, these processes lead to overall slope failure. The findings offer theoretical insights to support engineering construction and protection in silty slope regions.