当突发短路故障时，电流会瞬间激增，这种高电流与绕组内的漏磁相互作用会产生巨大的电动力，易导致绕组扭曲、变形甚至断裂。若未及时发现绕组变形等潜在问题并继续运行，其累积效应会逐步加剧，严重威胁电力变压器的使用寿命和可靠性。基于Lemaitre损伤模型，构建了包含累积效应的短路冲击仿真模型。通过有限元方法计算短路时绕组周围的漏磁场分布，结合电磁场与结构场的多物理场耦合，对绕组在电动力作用下的应力分布、形变过程进行监测，并分析了累积效应对绕组结构稳定性影响的规律。同时，通过构建含不同短路点的电力系统模型模拟多样化工况，利用Lemaitre损伤模型量化分析每次短路冲击对绕组的影响。并基于大量仿真数据，提出L-N损伤方程来描述绕组短路冲击累积效应，为变压器状态评估、预防性维护提供了科学依据。

When a sudden short-circuit fault occurs, the current will surge instantaneously. The interaction between this high current and the magnetic flux leakage in the winding will produce huge electric force, which is easy to cause winding distortion, deformation and even fracture. If potential problems such as winding deformation are not found in time and continue to operate, the cumulative effect will gradually increase, seriously threatening the service life and reliability of power transformers. Based on Lemaitre damage model, a short-circuit impact simulation model including cumulative effect was constructed. The leakage magnetic field distribution around the winding during short circuit was calculated by finite element method. Combined with the multi physical field coupling of electromagnetic field and structural field, the stress distribution and deformation process of the winding under electrodynamic force were monitored, and the rule of cumulative effect on the stability of winding structure was analyzed. At the same time, a power system model with different short-circuit points was constructed to simulate various working conditions, and Lemaitre damage model was used to quantitatively analyze the impact of each short-circuit impact on the winding. Based on a large number of simulation data, L-N damage equation was proposed to describe the cumulative effect of winding short-circuit impact, which provides a scientific basis for transformer condition assessment and preventive maintenance.