随着全球港口业向工业4.0迈进，集装箱码头起重机的自动化智能化改造成为行业发展重点。系统梳理了集装箱码头起重机的类型特征，从机械结构系统、动力供应系统、电控与通信系统、安全与作业管理系统四大维度，深入分析其技术原理、实施路径及应用效果。研究表明：单小车岸桥和有悬臂轨道吊在自动化改造中具有显著优势；机械结构优化显著提升了大型船舶作业效率和极端气候下的安全性；动力系统以油改电、电池及能量回馈技术为核心，推动绿色转型；电控通信系统革新实现精准控制与高效数据传输；定位系统通过多子系统协同确保设备全程监控；安全管理体系涵盖基础设施现代化、智能保护、风险管理及应急响应机制。这些改造措施有效提升了码头运营效率，降低了碳排放，推动港口向智能化、绿色化方向发展。

With the global port industry advancing toward Industry 4.0, the automation and intelligent transformation of container terminal cranes has emerged as a critical focus for industry development. The characteristics of container terminal crane types systematically was examined and an in-depth analysis from four dimensions: mechanical structure systems, power supply systems, electrical control and communication systems, and safety and operation management systems was conducted. The findings indicate that single-trolley quay cranes and rail-mounted gantry cranes with cantilevers demonstrate significant advantages in automation transformation. Mechanical structure optimization has substantially enhanced operational efficiency for large vessels and improved safety under extreme weather conditions. Power system transformation, centered on diesel-to-electric conversion, battery technology, and energy feedback systems, has effectively promoted sustainable operation. Innovations in electrical control and communication systems have achieved precise control and efficient data transmission. The positioning system ensures comprehensive equipment monitoring through multiple subsystem coordination. Furthermore, the safety management system has been developed to incorporate infrastructure modernization, intelligent protection, risk management, and emergency response mechanisms. These transformation measures have significantly improved terminal operational efficiency, reduced carbon emissions, and driven ports toward intelligent and sustainable development.