风力发电机在寒冷地区受覆冰灾害影响严重，导致风机发电量减少、叶片断裂等问题，造成巨大经济损失和安全隐患。但现有研究对旋转大型风力发电机叶片三维覆冰特性的研究还不充分。以5 MW大型风力发电机为研究对象，在旋转参考下利用欧拉-欧拉法求解叶片外部气液两相流分布，通过局部碰撞率计算和覆冰边界重构模拟叶片表面三维覆冰增长过程，以建立风力发电机叶片三维雾凇覆冰模型，深入探索风速对风机叶片三维旋转雾凇覆冰特性的影响规律。结果表明：叶片雾凇覆冰主要集中在迎风侧前缘，并且沿叶展方向覆冰厚度逐渐增大；随着风速变化，覆冰质量和覆冰增长速率随着风速增大均呈现先增后减的趋势；覆冰区域随着风速增大开始从背风侧向迎风侧偏移，在叶尖处偏移更明显；在叶根处，风速变化对覆冰厚度几乎没有影响，但在叶中和叶尖处，风速越大，覆冰厚度先快速增大后缓慢下降。研究结果可为冬季风电场的覆冰防护和预测提供理论指导。

Wind turbines are severely affected by icing disasters in cold regions, resulting in reduced power generation and blade breakage, causing huge economic losses and safety hazards. However, the existing research on the three-dimensional icing characteristics of rotating large wind turbine blades is still insufficient. Focusing on the 5 MW wind turbine, the Euler-Euler method was employed to solve the external gas-liquid two-phase flow distribution around the blade in a rotating reference frame. The local impingement rate was calculated, and the icing boundary was reconstructed, enabling the simulation of the three-dimensional rime icing growth process on the blade surface. A 3D rime icing model for wind turbine blades was thus established. The influence of wind speed on the three-dimensional rotating rime icing characteristics of wind turbine blades was further analyzed. It is found that rime icing on the blades is predominantly concentrated on the windward leading edge, with icing thickness increasing along the span direction. Icing mass and growth rate are observed to initially increase and then decrease with increasing wind speed. The icing region is shown to shift from the leeward side to the windward side as wind speed increases, with a more pronounced shift observed at the blade tip. At the root of the blade, wind speed changes are found to have little effect on icing thickness, but at the mid-span and blade tip, higher wind speeds are associated with an initial rapid increase followed by a gradual decrease in icing thickness. Theoretical guidance for ice protection and prediction in wind farms during winter is provided by this study.