To address the demands of service diversification, operational efficiency improvement, and construction cost optimization in large-scale low earth orbit (LEO) constellations, an autonomous satellite payload operation system based on a modular hierarchical architecture was introduced. A three-dimensional functional framework encompassing autonomous task decomposition, dynamic resource scheduling, fault prediction and tolerance processing, and multi-level control mechanisms was established by the system. Simulation analysis and in-orbit verification demonstrate that in an 880 km altitude, 50° inclination LEO test satellite, the system achieves a 90.3% enhancement in satellite-to-ground communication capacity and a routing re-convergence time of less than 10 seconds during fault scenarios. Through autonomous frequency interference avoidance algorithms and unplanned outage recovery protocols, it mitigates inter-constellation frequency interference and ensures service continuity without increasing ground operational pressure. Notably, the system reduces payload inactive operation duration effectively, significantly enhancing system reliability and flexibility. The research findings provide critical in-orbit validation data for payload component selection and primary-backup redundancy design in LEO constellations, and can be generalized to large-scale LEO constellation engineering implementations.
ZHANG Shi-ceng, WANG Ping, ZHANG Dong, SUN Yan-hong, AN Shao-yi.
Design and Application of Autonomous Operation System for Low Earth Orbit Satellite Payload[J].
Science Technology and Engineering, 2026, 26(9): 4006-4017 DOI:10.12404/j.issn.1671-1815.2408292
链路预测采用最小二乘法(least squares method, LS)和最小均方误差算法(minimum mean squared error, MMSE)联合方式进行信道估计,先通过LS算法初步进行信道估计和噪声统计,然后通过MMSE方法充分利用LS算法结果、对端反馈的先验信息、卫星位置变化等优化信道估计精度。在载荷计算资源受限的情况下,仍然可以获得准确传输信道特性。
1.2.3 自适应调整算法
根据接收端反馈的信道质量参数,动态调整发送端编码方式、调制阶数、扩频比等,最大化保证传输速率和可靠性。同时,依据星地链路预测模型,提前调整发送电平、多普勒频偏等可预测信道参数,补偿信道损失,优化信道传输质量。自适应调整应该在链路同步的情况下进行,若链路失步,则卫星调制编码组合直接恢复至调制与编码方案(modulation and coding scheme,MCS)0档; 下行链路调制策略如下。
由于Ka频段具有带宽大、天线增益大等优势,GEO和低轨卫星通常均采用Ka频段载荷建立星地链路,因此需要考虑低轨卫星对GEO卫星的频率规避[26-27]。低轨卫星根据频率规避表、卫星实时参数等信息,实时解析Ka天线指向角度是否满足规避角要求。若小于规避角要求范围,卫星进一步结合当前Ka频段使用情况和资源分配情况,选择业务跨星或本星频点、带宽调整等策略来实现对GEO卫星的干扰规避,与GEO卫星自主干扰规避技术应用流程如图7所示。干扰规避设计遵循国际电信联盟《无线电规则》[28]中等效功率通量密度(equivalent power flux density,EPFD)限值规定、干扰协调触发准则及动态保护要求,同时满足ITU-R S.1323建议书中关于最大允许干扰电平的约束条件[29]。此外,该策略支持在轨参数更新,可灵活应对动态变化需求。
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