陶瓷纤维增强SiO₂气凝胶复合材料具有极低密度和优异的隔热性能，广泛应用于航空航天领域，研究其微细观结构对力学行为的影响具有重要意义。基于细观力学分析方法，构建了纤维特征参数可调的代表性体积单元模型，发展了描述非线性变形行为的耦合损伤本构模型，利用有限元软件ABAQUS开展了面外压缩性能的力学建模与仿真，探讨了不同纤维特征参数对力学性能与损伤演化的影响。结果表明：该模型能够有效模拟气凝胶复合材料的压缩与回弹变形行为；随着纤维体积分数增加，增强效果显著提升，纤维损伤增加而基体损伤稳定；纤维曲率增大对压缩性能影响较小，但基体损伤加剧，纤维损伤减轻；纤维俯仰角增大则显著提升压缩性能，导致纤维损伤增加，基体损伤略微减少。

Ceramic fiber reinforced SiO₂ aerogel composites have been extensively used in the aerospace field due to exceptional thermal insulation properties and low density. It is significant to investigate the influence of microstructure on deformation behavior. Based on the meso-mechanical analysis method, a representative volume element model with adjustable fiber characteristic parameters was constructed, and a coupled damage constitutive model describing nonlinear deformation behavior was developed. Mechanical modeling and numerical simulation of out-of-plane compression properties were conducted with ABAQUS finite element software. The effects of different fiber characteristic parameters on mechanical properties and damage evolution were discussed. The results show that the model can effectively simulate the compression and springback deformation behavior of aerogel composites. With the increase of fiber volume fraction, the fiber reinforcing effect is significantly improved, the fiber damage increases, and the matrix damage remains stable. Moreover, fiber curvature variations do not significantly affect the out-of-plane compression properties. They lead to decreasing fiber damage and increasing matrix damage. Furthermore, an increase in fiber pitch angle improves out-of-plane compression properties but results in substantial rise of fiber damage with slight reduction of matrix damage.