面对现今频发的自然灾害，从系统全局角度出发，研究如何兼顾灾后应急物资配送的公平与效率对于高效实施灾后救援具有重要意义。运用层次分析法对需求紧迫度测算指标进行赋权，以受灾点需求紧迫度排序指数最大、带有延时惩罚的配送总成本最小为目标，构建考虑需求紧迫度的应急物资卡车-无人机联合配送路径优化模型，并采用改进非支配排序遗传算法Ⅱ（nondominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ，NSGA-Ⅱ）进行求解。结果表明：该模型能够满足不同紧迫程度下受灾点应急物资的配送需求，改进NSGA-Ⅱ算法对目标函数优化效果较好，可以为决策者制定应急物资的合理配送方案提供科学参考。

In the face of today's frequent natural disasters, it is important to study how to balance the fairness and efficiency of post-disaster emergency supplies distribution from a system-wide perspective for the efficient implementation of post-disaster relief. The hierarchical analysis method was used to assign weights to the measurement indicators for demand urgency. A joint truck-drone distribution path optimization model for emergency supplies was conducted considering the degree of demand urgency, with the objective of maximizing the ranking index of demand urgency at the disaster-stricken points and minimizing the total cost of distribution with delay penalties, and an improved nondominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ) algorithm was developed to solve the model. The results show that the model is able to meet the distribution demands of emergency supplies at the disaster site under different degrees of urgency, and the improved NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm has a better effect on the optimization of the objective function, which can provide a scientific reference for decision makers to formulate a reasonable distribution plan for emergency supplies.