为科学防范松林地表火，深入了解松林地表火蔓延规律，参考云南松林中可燃物的特性，利用FDS（fire dynamics simulator）模拟软件搭建松林地表火可燃物模型，通过分析0、3、5 m/s 3种风速及0°、15°、35° 3种坡度下的火灾蔓延模拟结果来研究其蔓延规律。结果表明：当坡度均为0°时，在0 m/s风速条件下，火焰蔓延相对较慢，火焰强度较为温和；而在5 m/s风速条件下，火焰迅速充斥整个可燃物模型，火场温度迅速升高。当风速均为0 m/s时，随着坡度从0°增加至35°，火焰蔓延速率和火焰高度均有所增加，且火场平均温度也随之提升。当坡度为0°时，0 m/s风速下火线速率为0.03 m/s，5 m/s时增至0.17 m/s，提升463%；当风速为0 m/s时，坡度从0°增至35°，火线速率由0.03 m/s提升至0.11 m/s，提升239%。风速对火线速率的提升效应显著高于坡度，对比风速和坡度对地表火蔓延的影响，风速增加对地表火蔓延速率的提升较为显著。因此，在火灾防控中，应充分考虑风速对火场温度的影响，合理制定灭火策略和救援措施。

To scientifically prevent surface fires in pine forests and gain deeper insights into their spread patterns, a combustible material model was established for pine forest surface fires using fire dynamics simulator (FDS) simulation software, based on the characteristics of fuel in Yunnan pine forests. The fire spread patterns were investigated by analyzing simulation results under three wind speeds (0, 3, 5 m/s) and three slopes (0°, 15°, 35°). The results indicate that at a 0° slope, under 0 m/s wind conditions, flame spread is relatively slow with moderate intensity, while at 5 m/s wind speed, flames rapidly engulf the entire combustible model, accompanies by a sharp rise in firefield temperature. With 0 m/s wind speed, as the slope increased from 0° to 35°, both flame spread rate and flame height increase significantly, along with a rise in average firefield temperature. At 0° slope, the fireline rate increases from 0.03 m/s under 0 m/s wind to 0.17 m/s under 5 m/s wind, representing a 463% enhancement. Under 0 m/s wind, increasing the slope from 0° to 35° elevates the fireline rate from 0.03 m/s to 0.11 m/s, a 239% increase. Notably, the enhancing effect of wind speed on the fireline rate is significantly greater than that of slope. These findings suggest that increased wind speed exerts a more pronounced influence on accelerating surface fire spread compared to slope. It is concluded that fire prevention and control strategies should prioritize the impact of wind speed on firefield temperature to optimize firefighting tactics and rescue measures.