为探索孔隙缺陷对混凝土道路力学性能的影响，并寻求等效模型代替含孔隙混凝土道路以降低计算时间成本。基于细观力学方法计算含孔隙混凝土的有效弹性模量和泊松比、有效导热系数和热膨胀系数等力学性质参数，建立三维双层含随机分布、互不干涉且大小不一球体孔隙的混凝土道路及其等效模型，研究了集中力、车辆静荷载、温度-车辆静荷载耦合3种工况下含孔隙混凝土道路与其等效模型的力学性能，对比各模型的仿真模拟计算时间。结果表明，温度-车辆静荷载作用下，孔隙率增大对含孔隙混凝土道路在同一深度、不同时刻的温度和位移基本无影响，且同一孔隙率，距路面越远，温度峰值随时间而向后推移；孔隙率在8%以内，实际多孔模型在集中力或车辆静荷载作用下可用Eshelby等效模型、Mori-Tanaka等效模型或Self-Consistent等效模型代替，在温度-车辆静荷载作用下可用等效模型2代替；计算机算力一定时，孔隙率不变，实际多孔模型的仿真模拟用时远超其等效模型，使用等效模型进行研究可极大地缩短计算时间，计算效率最大可提高约99.8%。

In order to explore the influence of pore defects on the mechanical properties of concrete road and seek an equivalent model to replace porous concrete road to reduce computational time. Based on micromechanics methods, the effective elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, coefficient of thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion of porous concrete were calculated. Three-dimensional double-layer concrete roads with randomly distributed, non-interference and varying sizes of spherical pores and their equivalent models were established to study their mechanical properties under three working conditions, namely, concentrated force, static vehicle load, and temperature-static vehicle load coupling, and further the simulation calculation time for each model was compared. The results show that under the coupling effect of temperature and static vehicle load, the increase of porosity has little effect on the temperature and displacement of porous concrete roads at the same depth and different times. Moreover, for the same porosity, the farther away from the pavement, the peak temperature shifts backward over time. When the porosity is within 8%, the actual porous model can be replaced by the Eshelby equivalent model, Mori-Tanaka equivalent model, or Self-Consistent equivalent model under concentrated force or static vehicle load, and by the equivalent model 2 under temperature-static vehicle load. With fixed computational power and constant porosity, the simulation time for the actual porous model far exceeds its equivalent model. Using equivalent models for research can significantly shorten the calculation time, and the computational efficiency can be approximately improved by about 99.8%.