传统的机器人定位导航方法在复杂建筑环境中存在精度不高、依赖传感器严重、无法有效处理动态障碍物等问题，导致其在实际应用中难以达到预期效果。为解决这些问题，引入了建筑信息模型（building information modeling, BIM）技术，借助BIM的几何和语义信息支持，在复杂环境中辅助机器人定位导航，为机器人提供更精确的环境感知和最优路径规划，减少与环境构件的碰撞风险，并提升任务执行的精准度和效率。比较论述了BIM技术在机器人定位、建图、路径规划等方面的应用现状，分析了其在建筑环境中的应用优势和挑战，并展望了未来在智能建筑和机器人智能化领域的应用前景。

Traditional robot localization and navigation methods in complex building environments are characterized by low accuracy, heavy reliance on sensors, and an inability to effectively address dynamic obstacles, making it challenging to achieve satisfactory results in practical applications. To address these issues, building information modeling (BIM) technology was introduced. BIM, with its geometric and semantic information, was utilized to assist robot localization and navigation in complex environments. More accurate environmental perception and optimal path planning were provided to robots, reducing the risk of collisions with environmental components and improving the accuracy and efficiency of task execution. The current status of BIM technology in robot localization, mapping, and path planning was compared, the advantages and challenges of its application in architectural environments were analyzed, and future prospects for its application in intelligent buildings and robotic intelligence were explored.