通过钻孔、电法、地震勘探等手段有时难以反映溶洞分布的全部信息，即使通过优化设计也难以避免将桩基置于溶洞上方进行施工并穿越溶洞。从理论计算、数值模拟、室内试验、现场试验、溶洞充填材料等几个方面对穿越溶洞型桩基承载特性研究现状进行了分析，得到了如下结论：穿越溶洞型桩基承载力计算时应充分考虑溶洞的三维几何尺寸对桩基承载特性的影响，应提高参数选取的准确性、深入理解荷载传递机制、发展综合考虑多因素影响的理论模型；现场试验应注重数据采集的准确性和全面性，应形成统一的标准和规范，增加试验结果的代表性、通用性和普适性，为同类问题提供参考；室内模型研究了溶洞形态对桩基承载特性的影响规律，分析了桩基与溶洞顶板之间的相互作用机理，揭示了桩基在穿越溶洞时的受力特性和破坏模式，但模拟溶洞的形状比较规整且单一，较少考虑地下水、温度以及溶洞充填后对桩基承载机理的影响；数值模拟方法能够模拟不同溶洞形态、不同桩型及不同施工条件下桩基在复杂的受力状态下的承载特性，但其参数选择的准确性及模拟结果的准确性有待提高，真实溶洞几何模型的建立是未来重点的发展方向；溶洞充填材料的研发及优化比较理想化，在复杂地质条件下的应用难度比较大，通常表现出不符合预期的性能；溶洞充填材料的研发应充分考虑特殊地质地质条件、温度变化、溶洞水环境的化学腐蚀作用等对充填材料的性能产生的不利影响。

All the information regarding the distribution of karst caves sometimes cannot be fully reflected by means such as drilling, electrical prospecting and seismic exploration. Even with optimized design, it remains difficult to avoid the situation where pile foundations are constructed above karst caves and have to penetrate through them. The current research status of the bearing characteristics of pile foundations penetrating karst caves was analyzed from aspects like theoretical calculation, numerical simulation, indoor experiment, on-site experiment and karst cave filling materials. The following conclusions are obtained. When calculating the bearing capacity of pile foundations penetrating karst caves, the influence of the three-dimensional geometric dimensions of karst caves on the bearing characteristics of pile foundations must be comprehensively taken into account. The accuracy of parameter selection needs to be enhanced, the load transfer mechanism should be thoroughly understood, and theoretical models considering the influence of multiple factors comprehensively should be developed. In on-site experiments, emphasis should be placed on the accuracy and comprehensiveness of data collection. Unified standards and specifications ought to be established to enhance the representativeness, universality and applicability of the experimental results, thereby providing references for similar issues. Indoor models have investigated the influence law of the shape of karst caves on the bearing characteristics of pile foundations, analyzed the interaction mechanism between pile foundations and the roof of karst caves, and disclosed the stress characteristics and failure modes of pile foundations when penetrating karst caves. However, the shapes of simulated karst caves are relatively regular and single, and the influence of groundwater, temperature and the filling of karst caves on the bearing mechanism of pile foundations is rarely considered. The numerical simulation method is capable of simulating the bearing characteristics of pile foundations under complex stress states with different karst cave shapes, different pile types and different construction conditions. Nevertheless, the accuracy of parameter selection and simulation results requires improvement. The establishment of real geometric models of karst caves is a crucial development direction in the future. The research and optimization of karst cave filling materials are rather idealized, and their application under complex geological conditions is rather difficult. They usually exhibit performances that do not meet expectations. The research and development of karst cave filling materials should fully consider the adverse effects of special geological conditions, temperature changes and the chemical corrosion effect of the water environment in karst caves on the properties of filling materials.