为总结慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease, CKD）患者中医证型、证素分布规律，通过检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普资讯中文期刊服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library数据库自建库至2024年8月21日公开发表的CKD中医证型相关研究，提取相关信息。采用WPS Excel软件建立数据库，统计文献基本特征、证型及证素出现的频率。运用数据挖掘技术中的关联规则分析、系统聚类分析方法研究了其证素分布规律。结果表明：共纳入文献126篇，涉及CKD患者45 382例；涉及证型129种，证素37种（其中病性证素23个，病位证素14个），证候要素组合形式7种。频率>5%的6个证型依次为脾肾气虚证、血瘀证、湿热证、湿浊证、气阴两虚证、脾肾阳虚证。病性证素：包含实性证素16个，虚性证素7个。频率>5%的6个病性证素依次为气虚、湿、阴虚、血瘀、热、阳虚。病性证素组合分布形式共61种，频率>5%的7种组合为气虚、血瘀、湿+热、阳虚、湿、阴虚、气虚+阴虚；病位证素：频率>5%的3个病位证素依次为肾、脾、肝。病位组合分布形式共23种，频率>5%的3种病位证素为脾+肾、肾、肝+肾；证候要素组合形式：包括一、二、三、四、五、六、七证素7大类，以二证素组合为多（46.36%）。关联分析显示脾-胃支持度最高，湿-热-脾、经络-筋骨、脾-水停-气虚、脾-胃-湿置信度最高；系统聚类分析结果可得到4个聚类组。可见CKD证候表现为虚实夹杂，脾肾气虚证是CKD最常见的证候类型。CKD病位主要在肾、脾、肝，气虚、湿、阴虚、血瘀、热、阳虚是常见病性证素。

In order to summarize the distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes and syndrome elements in chronic kidney diseases (CKD). The studies related to TCM syndromes in patients with CKD were searched for in CNKI, WANFANG DATA, VIP, SinoMed, Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library from the inception dates to August 21th, 2024, and extracted the relevant information. WPS Excel was used to count the frequency of basic characteristics, syndrome types, and syndrome elements in the literature for establishing a database. The distribution characteristics of syndrome elements were explored by association rule analysis and systematic clustering techniques within data mining. The results show that a total of 126 articles are enrolled, including 45 382 patients with CKD. There are 129 TCM syndrome types and 37 syndrome elements (23 disease nature elements and 14 disease location elements). There are 7 syndrome element combinations types. The 6 common TCM syndrome types of CKD with a composition ratio ≥5% are spleen and kidney qi deficiency syndrome, blood stasis syndrome, damp-heat syndrome, damp turbidity syndrome, qi and yin deficiency syndrome, and spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome. Disease nature elements: 16 substantial and 7 insubstantial syndrome elements are included. The 6 disease nature elements with a composition ratio ≥5% are qi deficiency, dampness, yin deficiency, blood stasis, heat, yang deficiency. There are 61 syndrome element combinations types of disease nature elements, with 7 combinations with a composition ratio ≥5%, which are: qi deficiency, blood stasis, dampness + heat, yang deficiency, dampness, yin deficiency, and a combination of qi deficiency + yin deficiency. Disease location elements: the 3 disease location elements with a composition ratio ≥5% are kidney, spleen, and liver. There are 23 syndrome element combinations types with a composition ratio ≥5% are spleen + kidney, kidney, liver + kidney. Syndrome element combinations types: one, two, three, four, five, six, and seven syndrome elements are included, with the two-syndrome element combinations being the most common(46.36%). Correlation analysis indicates that the support for the spleen-stomach is the highest, with the highest confidence in spleen-dampness-heat, meridians-tendons and bones, spleen-fluid retention-qi deficiency, and spleen-stomach-dampness. There are 4 clusters group can be obtained results of the system clustering analysis. It is concluded that the TCM syndromes of CKD is deficienc-excess complex. Spleen-kidney qi deficiency syndrome is the most common syndrome in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The main disease location of CKD are kidney, spleen, and liver. Qi deficiency, dampness, yin deficiency, blood stasis, heat, and yang deficiency are common disease nature elements.