目前基于稳态视觉诱发电位（steady state visual evoked potential, SSVEP）的脑机接口（brain-computer interface, BCI）的研究取得了显著进展，但仍存在一些限制BCI实际应用的因素，其中一个重要影响因素是视觉激励源。且多数SSVEP脑机接口系统依赖显示器，不便于携带，限制了其在日常生活中的实际应用。VR眼镜不仅能够提供真实立体的激励源，且是可穿戴的便携设备，能够脱离显示器而独立存在，因此对BCI的应用有着非常重要的价值。现引入虚拟现实（virtual reality, VR）技术来呈现VR-SSVEP视觉激励，实现SSVEP视觉激励的3D化，使被试能够更加沉浸地融入脑机交互中。比较了基于VR-SSVEP的3D和2D视觉激励效果，实验结果表明，在VR下的3D视觉激励相较于2D视觉激励具有更好的系统性能，平均准确率可达90.10%，相较于2D视觉激励提高了7.08%；当刺激时间为2 s时，可以获得较好的信息传输速率性能。本研究验证了3D视觉激励能够有效地提升SSVEP的识别性能，表明系统具有一定的实用性。为VR设备在SSVEP范式中的应用提供了新思路。

Recently, SSVEP(steady-state visual evoked potential-based BCI(brain-computer interface) researches have achieved significant development. However, the practical application of BCIs are still limited by several factors, one of which is the visual stimulus source. Most SSVEP-BCI systems rely on monitors, which are not portable and thus restrict the practical use in daily life. VR glasses, as wearable and portable devices, can provide realistic and immersive stimulus sources, which do not rely on monitors. Thus, they offer significant potentials for BCI applications. The VR(virtual reality) technology was introduced to display VR-SSVEP visual stimuli in 3D environment and enables subjects to immersively engage in BCI. The performance of 3D and 2D visual stimuli based on VR-SSVEP were compared in this study. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of 3D visual stimuli is better than that of 2D visual stimuli. The average classification accuracy of 3D stimuli reaches 90.10%, which is 7.08% higher than 2D stimuli. Additionally, a 2-second stimulation duration achieves an optimal information transfer rate. This study confirms that 3D visual stimuli can effectively enhance SSVEP recognition performance, which indicates a practical use of the system and provides a novel approach for applying VR devices to the SSVEP paradigm.