为了解决胜利油田中低渗透油藏存在的含水高、采油速度低、采收率低等问题，设计制作了毛细管渗吸驱替模型，将毛细管渗吸驱替实验并结合岩心驱替实验，综合考虑毛细管内径、微生物菌液浓度、润湿性、岩心渗透率、原油黏度等参数，揭示了中低渗透油藏微生物驱渗吸驱替特征及影响规律。研究结果表明：毛细管内径越大，渗吸效果越好；不同微生物菌液浓度对渗吸过程的影响表现明显差异性，存在一个最佳浓度范围；渗吸过程中菌液通过吸附改变毛细管润湿性是促进毛细管渗吸的重要因素之一；在现场应用中可直接采用未离心菌液进行操作；微生物菌液浓度、原油黏度、岩心渗透率均影响菌液驱替效果，微生物菌液浓度升高，采收率先升后降，岩心渗透率越高，微生物驱替效果越好，原油黏度越高，菌液驱效果越不明显。研究成果可为中低渗透油藏微生物驱油技术的实际应用提供理论支撑。

In order to solve the problems of high water content, low production rate and low oil recovery in the middle and low permeability reservoirs of Shengli Oilfield, a capillary imbibition displacement model was designed, by combining capillary imbibition displacement experiments with core displacement experiments, and taking into account the parameters of capillary inner diameter, microbial liquid concentration, wettability, core permeability, and crude oil viscosity, the characteristics and influencing laws of microbial imbibition and displacement in the middle and low permeability reservoirs were revealed. The research results show that the larger the capillary inner diameter, the better the imbibition effect. The influence of different microbial liquid concentrations on the imbibition process shows significant difference and there is an optimal concentration range. One important factor promoting capillary imbibition is that the microbial liquid changes the capillary wettability through adsorption during the imbibition process. In the actual field applications, uncentrifuged bacterial liquid can be directly used for microbial flooding operation. The microbial liquid concentration, crude oil viscosity and core permeability all affect the microbial liquid displacement effect. As the microbial liquid concentration increases, the oil recovery first increases and then decreases. The higher the core permeability, the better the microbial liquid displacement effect. The higher the crude oil viscosity, the smaller the microbial liquid displacement effect. The research results can provide theoretical support for the practical application of microbial flooding technology in middle and low permeability reservoirs.