在特大断面隧道施工通过层状岩层时，由于此类地层的特殊构造特性，必须采取相应的控制对策来减小此类地层带来的不良影响。依托穿过层状岩层的重庆东环线国博中心站特大断面隧道工程，采用数值模拟和现场监测方法，对比研究了均衡和非均衡锚索支护在隧道穿越层状岩层的支护力学差异。结果表明：相比均衡锚索支护，非均衡锚索支护对围岩位移与塑性区的控制差异影响并不显著。但是非均衡锚索支护会显著影响支护结构拱顶弯矩分布范围，而对弯矩峰值和轴力分布及大小影响很小，二者差值分别为8%和11.2%。非均衡锚索支护下的支护结构安全冗余度削减较少，仍能保持层状岩体隧道的稳定性，从经济和施工便捷性来看，能节省51%的锚索用量，经济优势更突出，在特大断面层状岩层隧道的施工中更具优越性。现场监测也表明非均衡锚索支护的应用效果良好。数值模拟结果和现场监测差值仅为2 mm，二者吻合度较高，验证了本文计算结果的合理性。本文研究成果可为今后类似层状岩体隧道支护的设计和施工提供重要参考。

When tunnels with extra-large cross-sections pass through layered rock formations, given the unique structural characteristics of these layers, suitable control strategies must be implemented to mitigate any adverse impacts. Based on the extra-large section tunnel project of Chongqing Guobo Center Station passing through layered rock, numerical simulations, and field monitoring are adopted in this study to compare the mechanical differences between balanced and unbalanced anchor cable supports during tunneling. The results show that compared with the balanced anchor cable support, the influence of the unbalanced anchor cable support on the control difference of displacement and plastic zone of surrounding rock is not significant. However, the unbalanced anchor cable supportcould significantly affect the bending moment distribution range of the vault of lining structure, while having little influence on the peak bending moment and the distribution and magnitude of axial force, with the differences between them being 8% and 11.2% respectively. The reduction in the safety redundancy of the lining structure under the unbalanced anchor cable support is less, and the stability of the tunnel in layered rock could still be maintained. From the perspectives of economy and construction convenience, the amount of anchor cable could be saved by 51%, and the economic advantages are more prominent, which is more advantageous in the construction of tunnels with large sections in layered rock. The effectiveness of the unbalanced support in maintaining tunnel stability is confirmed by field monitoring. The discrepancy between the numerical simulation and field monitoring results is merely 2 mm, demonstrating high consistency and validating the accuracy of the calculations. Critical insights for the design and construction of future similar tunnels in layered rock are provided.