为研究不同因素对风积沙刚性长短桩复合地基的承载力特性的影响，借助ABAQUS软件定量分析了湿陷与非湿陷工况下桩长、桩身模量、褥垫层厚度和褥垫层弹性模量对湿陷性黄土地区长短桩复合地基承载性能的作用。通过对湿陷性黄土地基的物理力学性能进行调整，模拟了湿陷工况，探究了湿陷状态下的复合地基力学特性及关键参数演变规律。结果表明，桩长增加可以减小沉降量，但最大桩身轴力显著增大，桩长从0.5 m提升至0.6 m时最大桩身轴力提高了34.29%；桩身模量的改变对地基的沉降量影响较小；褥垫层厚度增加可以降低复合地基的沉降量，但过厚的褥垫层可能会使得桩间土承担过大荷载，从而发生塑性破坏；褥垫层模量提高至24 MPa可有效减少地基沉降，但是过高可能导致应力集中，因而在实际应用中需要对其进行综合考虑。研究成果为湿陷性黄土地基的设计和研究提供了新的参考。

To investigate the effects of various factors on the bearing capacity characteristics of Aeolian sand rigid long-short pile composite foundations, ABAQUS software was utilized to quantitatively analyze the impacts of pile length, pile elastic modulus, cushion layer thickness, and cushion layer elastic modulus under both collapsible and non-collapsible conditions in collapsible loess soil regions. The physical and mechanical properties of the collapsible loess soil were adjusted to simulate the collapsible condition, allowing for an exploration of the mechanical behavior and key parameter evolution under this state. The results indicate that advancing the pile length reduces settlement but significantly increases the maximum pile axial force. Specifically, when the pile length is increased from 0.5 m to 0.6 m, the maximum pile axial force increases by 34.29%. Changes in pile elastic modulus produce a negligible effect on settlement. An increase in cushion layer thickness reduces settlement. However, an excessively thick cushion layer may result in excessive loads on the soil between piles, potentially leading to plastic failure. Increasing the cushion layer elastic modulus to 24 MPa effectively reduces settlement, but a modulus that is overly high may cause stress concentration. Therefore, comprehensive consideration is needed in practical applications. The research results provide new references for the design and research of collapsible loess soil foundations.