为满足第五代移动通信、人工智能、低品位能源利用等领域的换热需求，气液相变传热需解决三方面的问题：两相流动阻力大、沸腾危机限制临界热流密度、传热性能需进一步提升，其共性解决方法是相分离。本文系统综述了近年涌现的相分离相变传热技术，从驱动力角度分为三类：重力驱动、毛细力驱动、异质浸润性驱动；从相分离结果角度，分为三类：向系统外分离、系统内分离后两相重新分布、系统内分离后两相垂直交叉流动。结果表明相分离技术可同时解决两相流传热多方面的问题：“食人鱼”肋片应用于微通道沸腾传热，实现了排气减阻，同时临界热流密度突破1 kW/cm²；内插丝网膜管的相分离冷凝管可有效消除液泛，同时实现传热强化、流动减阻、抑制流动不稳定性。因此，相分离在热管理领域极具发展潜力。

To meet the heat transfer demands in the fields of fifth-generation cellular network, artificial intelligence, and low-grade energy utilization, gas-liquid phase change is regarded as the most promising method. However, three issues of gas-liquid phase change heat transfer are desired to be solved, including high flow resistance, limited critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient. Phase separation is found to be a general solution to solve these issues. Various technologies proposed in recent years based on phase separation were systematically summarized. Phase separation can be driven by gravity force, capillary force and heterogeneous wettability. After phase separation, the liquid or gas is exhausted out the system, reorganized inside system. It is found that phase separation can improve the thermal and hydraulic performance simultaneously. For example, cannibal fish fins were used to achieve phase separation of flow boiling, reducing drag and rising the critical heat flux exceed 1 kW/cm². The modulated heat transfer tube with a mesh membrane tube insert was proposed to eliminate the flooding of reflux condensation, converting the unstable flow into a stable flow. Moreover, the heat transfer coefficients are enhanced and pressure drops are reduced. Thus, phase separation is believed to behave great potential for thermal management applications.