随着民航业的迅猛发展，航空公司在管理机队运营时面临诸多挑战。其中，航空发动机的换发策略对航班可靠性与运营成本产生较大影响。通过对民航发动机换发业务场景的深入分析，以最小化发动机机队运营成本为目标，考虑了发动机串发运行与租赁等情况，构建了混合整数规划模型，对发动机的上发、下发及送修等策略进行研究，并设计了广义变邻域搜索算法对模型进行求解。以中国南方航空公司为例进行不同规模的数值实验及敏感性分析，数值实验结果表明该算法求解质量优于变邻域搜索算法与Gurobi求解器，最后，通过敏感性分析为发动机机队运营提供管理启示。

With the rapid development of the civil aviation industry, airlines face many challenges in managing fleet operations. Among these, the engine replacement strategy has a significant impact on flight reliability and operational costs. Through an in-depth analysis of the civil aviation engine replacement business scenario, a mixed-integer programming model was constructed with the goal of minimizing engine fleet operation costs. The model considers factors such as engine cascading operations and leasing. The strategies of engine installation, removal, and repair were studied, and a generalized variable neighborhood search algorithm was designed to solve the model. Numerical experiments and sensitivity analyses were conducted using China Southern Airlines as an example, with different scales. The results of the numerical experiments show that the algorithm's solution quality outperforme both the variable neighborhood search algorithm and the Gurobi solver. Finally, the sensitivity analysis provided management insights for engine fleet operations.