CO₂管道输送作为碳捕集、利用和封存（carbon capture, utilization and storage, CCUS）技术中的连接碳源和碳汇的关键环节，未来将在实现碳中和过程中发挥重要作用。对于管道水击工况，其产生的压力震荡可能超过管内承压和低于泵的进站压力。目前，超临界CO₂管道水击及控制理论还不成熟。建立以质量、动量和能量守恒定律为基础的描述管道内一维气体流动的数学模型，采用特征线法进行求解，利用MATLAB编程计算，分别与Kiuchi提出的输气系统模型的模拟结果和商业软件OLGA模拟的结果进行对比分析。结果表明：与输气系统模型的模拟结果大体一致，与OLGA软件计算压力和流量的最大相对误差分别为0.02%和2.32%，满足工程计算精度的要求。对于管道压缩机启停、阀门紧急开关和流量急剧变化等在较短时间内引起管道参数变化的快瞬变过程，通过设置急剧变化值进行模拟，所建立的模型能够计算出各个节点的参数变化情况且精度较高，可为超临界CO₂管道输送工艺仿真软件国产化提供理论支持与技术支持。

As a key link between carbon source and carbon sink in carbon capture, utilization and storage(CCUS) technology, CO₂ pipeline transportation will play an important role in the process of carbon neutralization in the future. For the pipeline water hammer condition, the pressure oscillation may exceed the pressure in the pipe and be lower than the inlet pressure of the pump. At present, the water hammer and control theory of supercritical CO₂ pipeline is not mature. A mathematical model based on the law of conservation of mass, momentum and energy was established to describe the one-dimensional gas flow in the pipeline. The characteristic line method was used to solve the model, and the MATLAB programming was used to calculate. The simulation results were compared with the simulation results of the gas transmission system model proposed by Kiuchi and the simulation results of the commercial software OLGA. The results show that the simulation results are generally consistent with the simulation results of the gas transmission system model. Compared with OLGA software, the maximum relative errors of pressure and flow are 0.02% and 2.32%, respectively, which meet the requirements of engineering calculation accuracy. For the fast transient process of pipeline parameter change caused by pipeline compressor start and stop, valve emergency switch and rapid change of flow in a short time, the rapid change value is set to simulate. The established model can calculate the parameter change of each node with high accuracy, which can provide theoretical support and technical support for the localization of supercritical CO₂ pipeline transportation process simulation software.