粉煤灰长期堆存会释放大量有毒有害物质，并对水环境构成威胁。为全面了解该领域的研究进展，采用文献计量学方法，系统并深入地对CNKI和Web of Science数据库中从建库至2023年间的相关文献进行了可视化分析。结果表明：该领域的年总发文量整体呈上升趋势，其中：中国科学家在该领域进行了大量研究工作，发文量最多，占总发文量的18.87%，为后续研究提供了重要科学依据，美国发文的中介中心性（0.51）明显高于其他国家，研究成果更具国际影响力；研究热点主要围绕粉煤灰中重金属等污染物，探究其在不同条件下的浸出、淋溶释放规律，揭示粉煤灰堆场污染物迁移带来的环境影响。基于高频关键词分析，探讨了粉煤灰污染物组成特征和可能释放到水环境中的污染物类型，系统梳理和分析了污染物的释放机制、规律和关键影响因素，以及污染物在环境介质中的迁移规律研究进展。未来研究应进一步关注粉煤灰堆存过程中Pb、Cr、Hg等重金属，As、Se、Mo等微量元素和F^-、Cl^-、、等特征污染物的释放问题，探究复杂环境影响下特征污染物的释放特性，并明确不同因素是否存在协同或抑制机制，建立粉煤灰固相中污染物指标与其释放进入水环境的指标间的定量关系，为科学评价粉煤灰环境影响提供理论基础，进而有效防范粉煤灰中污染物对水环境的潜在威胁。

Long-term stockpiling of coal fly ash releases a large amount of toxic and hazardous substances, posing a threat to the soil and water environment. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of the research progress in this field, a bibliometric method was conducted to systematically and deeply visualize and analyze the relevant literature in CNKI and Web of Science databases from the period of database construction to 2023. The results show that the annual total number of publications in this field is generally on the rise. Among them, Chinese scientists have conducted a substantial amount of research in this field, accounting for the highest publication volume, which makes up 18.87% of the total, providing important scientific foundation for subsequent studies. The betweenness centrality of publications from the United States (0.51) is significantly higher than that of other countries, and its research results have greater international influence. The research hotspots focus on contaminants like heavy metals in coal fly ash, investigating their leaching and release patterns under various conditions, and revealing the environmental impacts of contaminants migration from coal fly ash landfills. Based on high-frequency keyword analysis, the composition of contaminants in coal fly ash and the types of contaminants potentially released into the water environment were examined. A systematic review and analysis of contaminants release mechanisms, release regularity, key influencing factors, and the migration regularity of mechanisms in environmental media were conducted. Future research should further focus on the release of heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, and Hg, trace elements like As, Se, and Mo, and specific mechanisms such as F^-, Cl^-, and , during the coal fly ash stockpiling. Studies should explore the release characteristics of these mechanisms under complex environmental conditions, investigate whether synergistic or inhibitory mechanisms exist between various factors, and establish quantitative relationships between mechanisms indicators in the solid phase of coal fly ash and their release into water environment. This will provide a theoretical basis for scientifically evaluating the environmental impacts of coal fly ash and effectively preventing potential threats to water environment.