长江上游高等级航道网建设对成渝地区的经济社会发展具有重要意义。爆破清除碍航礁石是山区通航河流航道治理的重要方式之一，其对水生生物的影响备受关注，特别是缺乏主动游泳避让能力的漂流性鱼类卵苗。以长江上游漂流性鱼类卵苗的长期观测结果为依据，归纳了鱼类卵苗漂流的时间分布特点以及种类和数量的空间差异性；而后分析了水下爆破冲击波的传播规律以及影响冲击波强度的主要影响因素；接着总结了水下爆破冲击波对鱼类损伤相关研究进展，分析了冲击波对鱼类卵苗的影响；最后根据长江上游鱼类卵苗的漂流规律和冲击波的特性，提出了时间和空间避让、优化爆破施工工艺、气泡帷幕削减等系统性的生态防护措施，为长江上游航道建设与生态保护的协同高质量发展提供参考。

The development of a high-grade waterway network in the Upper Yangtze River will play a crucial role in promoting the economic and social development in the Chengdu-Chongqing region. Waterway improvement through underwater blasting to removal the obstructing rocks is still one of the most effective method in mountainous river management, but its impact on aquatic organisms, particularly on passively drifting fish eggs and larvae, has raised significant ecological concerns. Long-term observational data of drifting larvae in the Upper Yangtze River were analyzed, focusing on their temporal distribution patterns and spatial variations in species composition and abundance. The propagation mechanisms of underwater blasting shock waves were examined, and the primary factors affecting shock wave intensity were identified. Current research on blast-induced fish damage was reviewed, with special attention paid to the effects of shock waves on eggs and larvae. Based on the documented drift patterns of eggs and larvae and the characteristics of shock waves, comprehensive ecological protection measures were proposed. These measures included temporal and spatial avoidance strategies, optimized blasting techniques, and the use of bubble curtain technology. These findings provide valuable insights for achieving sustainable development that balances waterway construction with ecological conservation in the Upper Yangtze River.