发展氢燃料航空器是民航业实现碳中和的最主要途径之一。相较于高压气氢，低温液氢将成为未来氢动力民航商用客机的主要燃料。液氢在输运过程中一旦发生空化将导致发动机燃料供应不稳定甚至供应中断，严重时可能会对飞行安全造成灾难性影响。采用数值模拟的方法，基于均质混合流模型，采用RANS（Navier-Stokes）法和Zwart空化模型，深入研究了液氢在飞机输运管路中的空化流动特性及发展规律，并与常温水进行了部分对比。结果表明：空化数、进出口压比和长径比对空化的发生与发展均有重要影响。液氢的凝结过程要比蒸发过程慢得多，空化数对蒸发过程几乎无影响，主要影响最大凝结速率；液氢空化消失的临界压比低于水的临界压比，同一压比下，水比液氢更容易发生空化，且空化区尾部空泡更多，空化区更厚；减小长径比可抑制液氢空化的发生和发展，相较于减小管道长度，建议增大收缩段的管径以获得更高的出口流量。

The development of hydrogen-powered aircraft is a key strategy for the aviation industry to achieve carbon neutrality. Compared to high-pressure gaseous hydrogen, cryogenic liquid hydrogen will be the main fuel for future hydrogen-powered commercial aviation. However, the occurrence of cavitation in liquid hydrogen during transport has the potential to result in an unstable or even interrupted fuel supply to the engine, which could ultimately lead to catastrophic risks to flight safety. Using numerical simulation method, based on homogeneous mixed flow model, Navier-Stokes (RANS) method and Zwart cavitation model, the cavitation flow characteristics and development law of liquid hydrogen in aircraft transport pipelines were deeply studied, and partially compared with normal temperature water. The results show that the cavitation number, the outlet/inlet pressure ratio, and the length/diameter ratio have a significant influence on the occurrence and development of cavitation. The condensation process of liquid hydrogen is considerably slower than the evaporation process. The effect of the cavitation number on the evaporation process is minimal, but it has a significant effect on the maximum condensation rate. The critical pressure ratio for the disappearance of cavitation in liquid hydrogen is lower than in water. At the same pressure ratio, water cavitates more easily than liquid hydrogen, with a greater number of cavitation bubbles and a thicker cavitation region. Reducing the length/diameter ratio can inhibit the occurrence and development of cavitation in liquid hydrogen. It is recommended that the diameter of the contraction section be increased to achieve a higher outlet flow, rather than shortening the length of the pipeline.