高压长管拖车运输是氢气、天然气等易燃易爆气体中短途转运的重要手段，其中压缩机是核心设备，槽车充装压缩机的排气压力始终处于大范围连续变化状态，其研发阶段存在难以完全模拟真实工况进行热力性能测试的问题。基于这一需求，提出了一种具有气体分级回收和连续释放功能，具备压缩机背压连续调控能力的槽车充装压缩机闭式实验系统及其测试方案，能为压缩机营造排气压力宽幅变化的稳定及动态工况，以模拟真实充装过程实现压缩机系统测试。基于零维仿真方法建立了测试系统数学模型，详细研究了系统首次充压、压缩机启动与停机、压缩机宽工况测试等全测试流程中系统的参数变化与工作特性，并对系统流程和部件匹配进行优化改进，避免试验过程气库温度超过85 ℃，并在气体回收后系统压力降至1.5 MPa以下，获得了一套完善合理的槽车充装压缩机测试系统和方案。

The transportation via high-pressure long-tube trailers serves as a crucial method for medium-short distance transfer of flammable and explosive gases such as hydrogen and natural gas. As the core equipment in this system, the trailer filling compressor operates under continuously varying discharge pressures across wide ranges during gas loading processes. Current research and development phases face challenges in fully replicating real-world operating conditions for thermal performance testing. Addressing this requirement, this study proposes a closed-loop experimental system with gas staged recovery and continuous release functions, featuring continuous backpressure regulation capability for trailer filling compressors. The system enables the simulation of actual filling processes by creating both stable and dynamic operating conditions with wide-ranging discharge pressure variations for comprehensive compressor testing. A mathematical model of the testing system was established using zero-dimensional simulation methodology. Systematic investigations were conducted on parameter variations and operational characteristics throughout complete testing procedures, including initial pressurization, compressor startup/shutdown, and wide-range operational testing. Through optimized improvements in system configuration and component matching, critical operational constraints were achieved: gas reservoir temperatures were maintained below 85 ℃ during testing, and post-recovery system pressures were reduced below 1.5 MPa. These optimizations resulted in the development of a refined and rational testing system and methodology for trailer filling compressors, effectively addressing the technical challenges in simulating actual working conditions during compressor development phases.