土壤种子库是植被恢复及更新演替的种源基础，对于维持生物多样性和生态平衡具有重要作用。聚焦于滇西北高原湿地纳帕海湖滨沼泽化草甸，探讨短期围封禁牧对土壤种子库的影响。通过野外采样和种子萌发鉴定，比较了放牧和短期围封禁牧（3年）对表层土壤种子库物种组成、多样性及功能类群结构的影响。研究发现，短期围封禁牧显著改变了土壤种子库的多样性，降低了土壤种子库Shannon-Wiener和Pielou指数（P<0.05），同时显著增加了莎草种子密度（P<0.05）；杂类草种子数、物种数在禁牧与放牧条件下占据绝对优势，而禾草、莎草次之，豆科最小（几乎为零）。围封禁牧导致杂草物种数百分比下降，莎草物种数百分比上升，禾草和豆科物种数百分比无明显变化。此外，土壤种子库中杂草类重要值与禾草类、莎草类重要值呈显著负相关（P<0.05），而禾草类密度与莎草类密度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。这些结果表明，短期围封禁牧后，沼泽化草甸土壤种子库的多样性有所降低，但莎草类群种子得到了一定程度的补充和恢复，为湿地生态系统的恢复管理提供了新的见解。

Soil seed banks serve as the foundation for plant restoration and succession, playing a crucial role in sustaining biodiversity and ecological balance. The effect of short-term enclosure and grazing ban on soil seed bank was studied in the marsh meadow of Napahai Lake in northwest Yunnan Plateau. Through field sampling and seed germination identification, the effects of grazing and short-term confinement (3 years) on species composition, diversity and functional group structure of topsoil seed bank were compared. The findings show that short-term grazing exclusion significantly alters the diversity of the soil seed bank, reducing the Shannon-Wiener and Pielou indices (P <0.05) and increasing the density of sedge seeds (P <0.05). Weeds dominate in both enclosed and grazed conditions, with grasses and sedges following, and legumes being minimal. The percentage of weed species decreases, while that of sedge species increases under grazing exclusion, with no significant change observed in grasses and legumes. Weed importance values are significantly negatively correlated with grass and sedge importance values (P <0.05), and grass density is significantly positively correlated with sedge density (P <0.05). These results indicate that while short-term grazing exclusion reduces the diversity of the soil seed bank in swamp meadows, it also enhances the replenishment and recovery of sedge seeds, offering new insights for the restoration management of wetland ecosystems.