回转-变幅耦合运动的塔式起重机易引起塔身结构振动和吊重摆动，严重时导致塔机结构出现故障。为了探究其振动规律，基于拉格朗日动力学、空气阻力和梁挠度构建了加速-恒速-减速运行过程的变幅-回转耦合运动的塔机弹性结构动力学模型。利用设计的实验台验证了非线性耦合运动模型的有效性。分析了不同的加速度和吊重的初始角度对塔身结构和吊重摆角的影响。结果表明：变幅加速度对结构振动影响较小；回转加速对塔身结构有显著影响。当任意初始角度不小于0.2 rad的初始角度对结构振动影响较大；不小于0.04 m/s²的回转加速度会使塔身振动频率增加。研究结果揭示了耦合运动的塔机结构振动规律，有利于改进动态系统结构设计。

The slewing and luffing coupling motion of tower cranes can easily induce structural vibrations in the crane mast and swing angles of the payload, potentially leading to operational faults. To investigate these vibration patterns, an elastic crane model was developed under combined slewing and luffing dynamic motions, incorporating Lagrange dynamics, air resistance, and beam deflection. The model was analyzed across phases from acceleration to constant speed and then to deceleration. The effectiveness of this nonlinear coupled motion model was validated using a designed experimental platform. The study examined the effects of varying accelerations and initial swing angles. The results indicate that luffing acceleration influences structural vibration, while slewing acceleration has a significant impact on it. Additionally, initial angles greater than or equal to 0.2 rad greatly affect structural vibration. When the slewing acceleration exceeds 0.04 m/s², the frequency of mast vibration increases. Understanding the structural vibration law during coupled motion is crucial for enhancing the design of dynamic systems.