针对短时工作且外部绝热的高功率电子设备难以直接利用外部热沉散热的问题，采用低熔点、高体积焓值的相变材料进行储能结构优化设计，实现电子设备的温度控制。首先，基于电子设备体积、重量、外部环境、热功率、工作时间等约束条件，结合相变材料热性能进行散热结构一体化设计；其次，根据相变材料的性能特点，提出一种基于温度反馈的等效比热容热分析方法；最后，结合实例对石蜡、烯炭复合材料和液态金属3种相变材料的导热性能进行数值模拟分析，以热源温升和均温性为指标，评估3种相变材料在储能结构中的散热性能，确定电子设备的最佳相变储能结构。研究结果表明：相变材料在一定时间内能显著控制温升，满足小体积、外部绝热环境电子设备的温控要求；相变材料的体积焓值表征单位体积相变材料储能能力，体积焓值越高，所需相变材料的体积就越小；液态金属因体积焓值大，导热系数高，热性能更好。

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to directly use external heat sink to dissipate heat for high-power electronic devices with short-time operation in external insulation condition, the phase-change material with low melting point and high volume enthalpy value was adopted to optimize the design of energy storage structure and realize temperature control for electronic devices. Firstly, based on the constraints of electronic device volume, weight, external environment, thermal power, working time, etc., combined with the thermal performance of phase change materials, an integrated design of heat dissipation structure was carried out. Secondly, according to the characteristics of phase change material(PCM), an equivalent specific heat capacity thermal analysis method based on temperature feedback was proposed. Finally, the thermal conductivity of three PCM including paraffin, carbon composite and liquid metal, was analyzed by numerical simulation, and the heat dissipation performance of the three PCM in specificenergy-storage structures was evaluated by using heat source temperature rise and temperature equalization as indicators, and an optimal phase-change energy-storage structure of the electronic devices was determined. The results show that the PCM can significantly control the temperature rise in a certain period of time, which meets the temperature control requirements of electronic devices in small volume and external adiabatic environment. The volume enthalpy of PCM represents the energy storage capacity per unit volume of PCM. The higher the volume enthalpy, the smaller the volume of PCM required. Liquid metal can obtain better thermal properties because of its large enthalpy and high thermal conductivity.