为了实现岩石山区嵌岩桩基础优化设计和有效预防岩体破裂，对不同岩性脆性岩石的压缩力学行为和破坏规律进行实验和数值研究。首先，基于自制的压缩试验系统对5种常见脆性岩石进行单轴压缩试验，采用声发射（acoustic emission, AE）监测系统并搭配数字图像相关（digital image correlation, DIC）技术，对不同强度脆性岩石在压缩过程中的声发射信号特征进行具体分析。此外，结合非线性显式有限元（finite element, FE）方法，获得不同岩石临界破坏前兆特征及损伤破坏演化规律，实验与有限元结果吻合较好。结果表明：脆性岩石在单轴压缩过程中有明显声发射现象产生，振铃计数与累计能量的活跃程度能有效表征试件的内部损伤；在加载初期试件表面无明显裂纹产生，但随着压缩应力的增加，试件表面出现较多塑性变形区；需要指出的是，当应力达到峰值应力时，试件瞬间沿着塑性变形区发生破坏，不再产生新的裂纹；局部应变的分布和演化可直观预测新生裂隙的孕育和扩展。研究成果可为岩石破坏监测预警和山区输电线路铁塔基础设计提供理论指导。

In order to realize the optimal design of rock-socketed pile foundation in mountainous area and effectively prevent the rupture of the rock, the compression mechanical behaviors and failure mechanisms of brittle rocks with different lithologies were experimentally and numerically investigated. Firstly, uniaxial compression tests were carried out on five kinds of brittle rocks based on the self-made compression testing system. Acoustic emission (AE) monitor system and digital image correlation (DIC) technology were used to discuss the characteristic parameters of AE signals during the crushing. Moreover, the characteristics of critical failure precursors and the evolution rules of damage failure of different rocks were obtained by using the nonlinear explicit finite element (FE) method. The experimental results were in good agreement with the corresponding FE ones. The results show that there are the obvious AE phenomena in brittle rocks during the uniaxial compression test, and the active degree of ringing count and accumulated energy can describe the internal damage of the specimens effectively. At the initial stage of the compression, there is no obvious crack on the rock surface. However, more cracks appear on the surface of the specimens with the increase of the compressive stress. The specimens are destroyed instantaneously when the compressive stress reaches the peak stress, and no new cracks are generated. The distribution and evolution of local strains can intuitively predict the breeding and expansion of new fissures. The research results provide theoretical reference for monitoring and warning of rock failure and foundation design of transmission line in mountainous area.