脊柱椎板机器人是近年来为椎板切除术研发的辅助性手术机器人。为探究脊柱椎板机器人手术方式和传统椎板切除手术方式对骨科医生脑力负荷多维特征方面的差异，基于多模态（心电仪、眼动仪和NASA-TLX量表）测量两种手术方式下骨科医生的脑力负荷。通过模拟手术实验，让12名骨科医生分别采用两种手术方式做椎板切除术，采集骨科医生的多模态数据以进行方差分析和相关性分析。方差分析结果表明，脊柱椎板机器人手术方式和传统椎板切除手术方式在主观脑力负荷方面有显著差异（P<0.05）；在心电指标方面，平均心率、低频／高频比值（LF/HF）和正常RR间期的标准差（standard deviation of NN intervals, SDNN）之间无显著差异；在眼动指标方面，瞳孔直径（P<0.05）、注视频率（P<0.05）和扫视频率（P<0.01）有显著差异。进一步的相关性分析结果表明两种手术方式下均有瞳孔直径与主观脑力负荷水平之间的相关性尤为显著。脊柱椎板机器人方式与传统椎板切除手术方式相比能够减轻骨科医生的脑力负荷，而且瞳孔直径与主观脑力负荷水平能更有效地反映骨科医生脑力负荷。

The laminectomy robot is an auxiliary surgical robot developed for laminectomy in recent years. In order to explore the differences in reducing orthopedic surgeons' mental workload between laminectomy robot techniques and traditional laminectomy methods, a multimodal evaluation incorporating an electrocardiogram, eye tracking, and the NASA-TLX scale was utilized to assess the mental workload of orthopedic surgeons undergoing both surgical procedures. Through simulated surgical trials, 12 orthopedic surgeons performed laminectomies employing both the robot-assisted and the conventional techniques, collecting multimodal data for both variance and correlation analyses. The findings indicate significant differences in subjective mental workload between the laminectomy robot and traditional techniques (P <0.05). However, in terms of electrocardiogram indicators such as average heart rate, the low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF), and the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), no significant differences are noted. Significant differences are observed in eye movement indicators, including pupil diameter (P <0.05), fixation rate (P <0.05), and saccade rate (P <0.01). Further correlation analysis underscored a notably significant relationship between pupil diameter and levels of subjective mental workload in both surgery techniques. In conclusion, compared to traditional laminectomy methods, the use of laminectomy robots can alleviate the mental workload on orthopedic surgeons, with both pupil diameter and subjective mental workload levels providing effective reflections of the orthopedic surgeons' mental workload.