海上漂浮式光伏在复杂海洋环境中的应用成为各沿海主要国家的研究热点，海上漂浮式光伏目前处于试验和试点阶段。为了探索海上漂浮式光伏技术的主要组成和当前技术现状，助力中国海上漂浮式光伏规模化、商业化发展，通过梳理海上漂浮式光伏的主要组成部分，基于国内外海上漂浮式光伏的研究和应用现状，聚焦浮体平台结构型式，分析了各类浮体平台的特点。结果表明：零气隙和非零气隙型浮体平台技术成熟度均不高，需考虑新型浮体材料的应用以降低工程成本；适应于海上复杂环境的电气设备亟待进一步突破；海上漂浮式光伏与其他海洋应用场景融合互补的商业模式应积极探索；运行和维护的策略、安全及手段需着重关注。研究旨在给出关键技术现状和挑战，为海上漂浮式光伏的开发和设计人员提供参考经验和研究方向。

The utilization of offshore floating photovoltaic has became a hotspot in major coastal countries in complex marine environment. Offshore floating photovoltaic is currently in the phase of the experimental and pilot test. In order to explore the main components and current technological status of offshore floating photovoltaic technology, and to assist in the large-scale and commercial development of offshore floating photovoltaic in China, by sorting out the main components of offshore floating photovoltaic, based on the research and application status of offshore floating photovoltaic at home and abroad, focusing on the structural types of floating platforms, and analyzing the characteristics of various types of floating platforms. The results reveal that the maturity level of zero-gap and non-zero-gap floating platform concepts is not high, and the novel body materials should be considered to reduce engineering costs. The electrical equipment that is suitable for the complex marine environment needs to be further improved. The business modes of integrating floating solar power with other marine scenarios should be actively developed. The strategy, security, and means of operation and maintenance need to be given special attention. The research aims to provide the current status and challenges of key technologies, and offer reference experience and research directions for the development and design of offshore floating photovoltaic.