在水煤浆气化装置中合成气管道温度降低会造成酸性气体冷凝，对管道内壁产生腐蚀甚至导致穿孔泄漏。为及时发现合成气管道漏损点并精确定位，研究基于分布式光纤测温系统（distributed temperature sensing, DTS）的合成气管道漏损检测与定位。提出一种基于自适应方差阈值的DTS检测定位算法，首先运用层次聚类对检测到的信号进行识别，将漏损信号识别出来，然后将识别出的漏损信号经过方差处理、自适应阈值设定对漏损点位置进行定位，该算法能够对合成气管道漏损点进行定位。将该方法与固定阈值法和选择性平均阈值法进行比较，其定位精度分别提高了0.32 m和0.17 m。并在煤气化现场进行测温实验，对现场漏损点位置进行了精确定位。

In the coal-water slurry gasification system, a reduction in the temperature of the syngas pipeline can cause acid gases to condense, which may lead to corrosion of the pipeline's inner surface and potentially result in perforation leaks. To enable prompt detection and precise localization of any leakage or damage within the syngas pipeline, The techniques were explored for identifying and locating such issues through distributed temperature sensing(DTS). An algorithm based on an adaptive variance threshold was proposed for DTS detection and localization. Initially, hierarchical clustering was utilized to recognize detected signals, facilitating differentiation between normal operating conditions and those indicative of leaks or damages. Following this, identified leak signals undergo processing via variance analysis combined with adaptive threshold settings to accurately determine leak or damage locations. This approach shows improved accuracy in pinpointing leak or damage sites compared to fixed threshold methods as well as selective average threshold methods, enhancing positioning precision by 0.32 m and 0.17 m respectively. A temperature measurement experiment conducted at a coal gasification facility successfully confirmed accurate identification of leakage or damage points.