将污泥转化为生物炭吸附剂，用于去除水体中的四环素污染物，是污泥资源化利用的有效途径之一，且能够实现“以废治废”的循环经济理念。以市政污泥为原料，采用热解法制备污泥生物炭并吸附去除四环素，面向四环素吸附去除效果考察并优化了污泥生物炭制备条件及吸附环境条件，并结合扫描电镜、红外光谱及BET（Brunauer、Emmett和Teller）比表面积测试等手段，探究了污泥生物炭结构特性及其对四环素吸附行为的内在机理。结果表明：热解温度为800 ℃，热解时间为4 h条件下所制备的污泥生物炭对四环素具有最佳的吸附性能；pH对吸附效果影响较大，在弱酸性环境下，污泥生物炭对四环素的吸附效果最优，最大吸附量达到45.33 mg/g。热力学及动力学分析表明，准二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型能较好拟合污泥生物炭吸附四环素的过程，吸附过程主要为单分子层吸附，且以表面化学吸附为主，结合表征测试结果分析，化学吸附主要涉及静电吸引、阳离子交换、络合沉淀、π—π共轭作用及氢键作用等过程；同时，污泥生物炭的孔结构特性使其对四环素的吸附过程还包含孔隙填充及范德华力作用。

The transformation of sludge into biochar adsorbents for the removal of tetracycline contaminants in water bodies represents one of the effective approaches for the resource utilization of sludge and enables the realization of the circular economy concept of "treating waste with waste". Municipal sludge was employed as the raw material, and sludge biochar was fabricated through pyrolysis for the adsorption and removal of tetracycline. The adsorption and removal efficacy of tetracycline was investigated, and the preparation conditions of sludge biochar and adsorption environmental conditions were optimized. Additionally, by combining methods such as scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and BET(Brunauer, Emmett, Teller) specific surface area testing, the structural characteristics of sludge biochar and the underlying mechanism of its adsorption behavior towards tetracycline were explored. The results indicate that the sludge biochar prepared under a pyrolysis temperature of 800 ℃ and a pyrolysis duration of 4 hours exhibits the optimal adsorption performance for tetracycline. The pH value exerts a significant influence on the adsorption effect. In a weakly acidic environment, the adsorption effect of sludge biochar on tetracycline is the most favorable, with a maximum adsorption capacity reaching 45.33 mg/g. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses demonstrate that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model can appropriately fit the adsorption process of tetracycline by sludge biochar. The adsorption process is primarily monolayer adsorption, dominated by surface chemical adsorption. In conjunction with the analysis of characterization test results, the chemical adsorption mainly involves processes such as electrostatic attraction, cation exchange, complex precipitation, π-π conjugation, and hydrogen bonding. Simultaneously, the pore structure characteristics of sludge biochar result in the adsorption process of tetracycline also encompassing pore filling and Van der Waals force.