钻井液的流变参数对于精准预测深水、超深水井钻井水力参数具有重要影响。开展了南海深水常用HEM钻井液（high efficient mud, HEM）和合成基钻井液在4 ~ 210 ℃、30 ~ 180 MPa条件下的流变实验，揭示了大温压范围内表观黏度、塑性黏度及动切力等流变参数随温压的变化规律；基于实验数据对比评价了已有9种流变模型，发现罗斯模型适用于合成基钻井液、赫巴模型适用于HEM钻井液选，在此基础上创建了一种适用于高低温、高低压交变，HEM和合成基钻井液的流变参数通用预测模型，最大误差11.95%、平均误差为0.62%，均优于已有模型；在使用HEM钻井液时计算井底压力误差为0.28%，在使用合成基钻井液时计算井底压力误差为0.181%，可满足南海深水钻井要求。

The rheological parameters of drilling fluid have an important impact on accurately predicting the hydraulic parameters of deepwater and ultra-deepwater drilling wells. The rheological experiments were carried out on commonly used HEM (high efficient mud) drilling fluids and synthetic-based drilling fluids in the deep waters of the South China Sea under conditions of 4 to 210 ℃ and 30 to 180 MPa. The variation laws of rheological parameters such as apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, and dynamic shear stress with temperature and pressure were revealed in a wide range of temperature and pressure. Based on the experimental data, nine existing rheological models were compared and evaluated. It was found that the Ross model is suitable for synthetic-based drilling fluid, and the Herschel-Bulkley model is suitable for HEM drilling fluid. On this basis, a general predictive model for rheological parameters of HEM and synthetic-based drilling fluids was created, which is applicable to alternating high and low temperatures, high and low pressures. The maximum error of this model is 11.95%, with an average error of 0.62%, which is better than existing models. The bottom hole pressure error is 0.28% when using HEM drilling fluid and 0.181% when using synthetic drilling fluid, which can meet the requirement of deep water drilling in the South China Sea.