为研究车站底板密集开洞对既有车站主体结构的影响，依托北京地铁东四十条3号线车站改扩建工程，通过有限元分析方法对底板密集开洞并施工竖井进行模拟，分析了车站主体结构应力和变形变化规律，并讨论了不同分批开洞方案对车站底板结构变形的影响，最后结合实际现场监测进行了验证。结果表明：在底板开洞后进行竖井的开挖与支护的过程中，相邻竖井错开时间开挖能够有效地减少车站主体结构的变形量，变形量分别与两竖井各自深度以及相互之间的距离有关。当底板开洞数量多且密集时，需合理分配开洞顺序。通过不同分批开洞方案对比优化后，发现分2批开洞相较于分3批开洞方案，最终沉降量平均增大0.3 mm，但前者能缩短工期，施工效率更高，因此在满足变形控制指标条件下，采用分2批开洞的方案。

To study the influence of dense floor openings on existing main structures of subway stations, based on the reconstruction and expansion project of Dongsi Shitiao Station on Line 3 of Beijing Subway, finite element analysis method was used to simulate the dense openings on the bottom plate and the construction of vertical shafts. The stress and deformation characteristics of the station main structure were analyzed, and the impact of different phased opening schemes on the structural deformation of the station floor was discussed. Finally, verification was conducted in conjunction with on-site monitoring. The results show as follows. During the excavation and support process of shafts after floor opening, staggered excavation of adjacent shafts can effectively reduce the deformation of the station main structure, with the deformation being related to the depths of the two shafts and the distance between them. When the number of floor openings is large and dense, the opening order needs to be reasonably allocated. Through comparison and optimization of different phased opening schemes, it is found that compared to the three-phase opening scheme, the two-phase opening scheme increases the settlement by an average of 0.3 mm. However, the former shortens the construction period, improves construction efficiency, and is therefore recommended under the condition of meeting deformation control requirements.