为探究冲击荷载和爆炸荷载作用下隧道变形行为特征，提出了一种模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法来分析不同动态荷载条件下隧道的损伤行为和模式。以海螺沟隧道为研究对象，采用模型试验和数值模拟相结合的方式，首先对缩尺物理隧道模型进行冲击测试，接着对隧道模型进行数值分析并完成验证，然后对比了小比例隧道模型和原型模型在冲击荷载下的隧道变形结果，最后分析了爆破荷载对原型隧道变形的影响。研究结果表明：本研究提出方法能够真实反映实际冲击荷载对隧道变形的影响；缩尺隧道模型的数值分析结果与试验结果较为吻合；在冲击荷载作用下，原型隧道顶部的约为缩尺物理模型的10倍；原型隧道数值模型在冲击荷载作用下顶部变形量与500 kg TNT爆破荷载造成的变形较为一致，利用冲击荷载可有效模拟爆破载荷对隧道拱顶的损伤情况；增大覆盖深度和减小冲击荷载是避免隧道造成重大损伤的有效举措。本研究的成果克服了地表爆破时现场测试的困难，为分析隧道在不同动态荷载作用下的破坏行为和模式提供一种低成本、安全可靠的测试方法，为优化爆破荷载的隧道安全、经济的设计提供技术支撑。

To investigate the deformation characteristics of tunnels under impact and blast loads, A combination of model testing and numerical simulation was proposed to analyze the damage behavior and patterns under various dynamic loading conditions. The Hailuogou Tunnel was studied, and a combination of model testing and numerical simulation was utilized. Initially, an impact test was performed on the scaled-down physical tunnel model. Subsequently, numerical analysis of the tunnel model was conducted and verified. Then, a comparison was made between the tunnel deformation results of the scaled model and the prototype model under impact load. Finally, the effect of blasting load on the deformation of the prototype tunnel was analyzed. The results indicated that the proposed method accurately reflected the actual impact load's effect on tunnel deformation. Additionally, the numerical analysis results of the scaled tunnel model closely matched the test results. Moreover, the deformation of the top of the prototype tunnel under the impact load was approximately 10 times greater than that of the scaled tunnel model, and it aligned well with the deformation caused by a blasting load equivalent to 500 kg of TNT. The impact load effectively simulated damage to the tunnel vault. Increasing the depth of cover and reducing the impact load represented effective measures to mitigate significant tunnel damage. The challenges of on-site testing during surface blasting are surmounted by this study's findings. Additionally, a cost-effective, safe, and dependable testing approach is furnished for analyzing the destructive behaviors and modes of tunnels under various dynamic loads. Furthermore, technical support is offered for the safe and economical design of tunnels with optimized blasting loads.