针对民机维修中对系统部件风险影响分析不够深入、分类管理不细而导致部件运行中出现突发故障的问题，通过引入综合风险影响度因子对民机系统部件的重要度和潜在隐患进行准确评估，建立了考虑多因素综合风险影响的部件预防性维修策略。以民机系统部件维修成本优化为目标，建立了一种考虑部件多因素综合风险影响的民机系统机会维修决策模型，综合考虑了系统部件间的时间相关性和部件的多因素综合风险影响产生的成本。实例验证表明，相较于不考虑部件风险影响的预防性维修决策，本文提出的维修决策使民机系统的总维护成本降低约20.20%，预防性维修与更换次数减少率约为41.23%。

In response to the problem of insufficient analysis of the risk impact on system components and inadequate classification management in civil aircraft maintenance, which leads to sudden failures during component operation, a comprehensive risk impact factor was introduced to accurately evaluate the importance and potential hazards of civil aircraft system components, and a component preventive maintenance strategy considering the comprehensive risk impact of multiple factors was established. A chance maintenance decision model for civil aircraft systems was established with the objective of optimizing the maintenance cost of components, taking into account the comprehensive risk impact of multiple factors on components. The model comprehensively considers the time correlation between system components and the cost generated by the comprehensive risk impact of multiple factors on components. Example verification shows that compared to preventive maintenance decisions that do not consider the impact of component risks, the maintenance decision proposed in this article reduces the total maintenance cost of civil aircraft systems by about 20.20%, and the reduction rate of preventive maintenance and replacement frequency is about 41.23%.