激光超声检测技术具有超声检测法与光学法的独特优势，在实现非接触检测的同时还可提高时间和空间分辨率。为了提高激光超声的激发效率和缺陷检测精度，就需要对激光源参数进行优化，以提高换能效率并降低成本。对不同情况下的激光超声声场传播特性进行了研究，通过COMSOL Multiphysics有限元软件对激光超声作用于X80管道的过程进行数值模拟，并验证了模型的准确性。结合设定的激光脉宽和激光光斑半径，研究了激光源参数与超声声场之间的关系，并利用MATLAB对相关数据进行了进一步分析。分析结果表明，当脉宽值设定为20 ns、光斑半径设定为300 μm时，激光超声在X80管道中具有相对最优的激发效率。这为提高激光源的激发效率提供重要参考。

Laser ultrasonic detection technology possesses unique advantages combining ultrasonic and optical methods, enabling non-contact detection while enhancing temporal and spatial resolution. To enhance the excitation efficiency and defect detection accuracy of laser ultrasound, optimization of laser source parameters is necessary to improve energy exchange efficiency and reduce costs. Research has been conducted on the propagation characteristics of laser ultrasonic sound fields under various conditions. Numerical simulations of the process of laser ultrasonic action on X80 pipelines were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics finite element software, and the accuracy of the model was verified. The relationship between laser source parameters and ultrasonic field was studied by combining the set laser pulse width and laser spot radius, and further analysis of the relevant data was carried out using MATLAB. The analysis results indicate that when the pulse width is set to 20 ns and the spot radius is set to 300 μm, laser ultrasonics exhibit relatively optimal excitation efficiency in X80 pipelines. This provides important reference for improving the excitation efficiency of laser sources.